The Existence Of Moral And Natural Evil - 1263 Words

Theodicy is an attempt to address the existence of moral and natural evil with the perception of an Omni-max god that encompasses three key properties; omnibenevolence all-good or all-loving, omnipotence all-powerful, and omniscience all-knowing. High theology accepts that God does exist in the universe as the greatest being of the Omnis, whereas low theology acknowledges the existence of God without one of the key properties of the Omni-max god. The various defenses that aim to solve the problem of evil that include the Soul-Making, Best of All Possible Worlds, and the Free Will defense are not compatible with the existence of a Omni-max God. All three of these defenses would have to surrender one or more of the key properties of an Omni-max god that is not consistent with high theology. Low theology accepts that God has limitations to his powers in the universe. In order to explain the existence of evil in the universe one or more of the Omni-properties; omnibenevolent, omnipotent, or omniscient has to be surrendered that pertain to the high theology belief system and the low theology should be acknowledged as the principal belief structure. I argue that low theology is an acceptable conviction for the existence of God, because it can solve the problem of evil by giving up one or more of the Omni-max God properties. The Free Will defense states that God created a world in which humans could convey free will even though he knew that evil would be produced from the actionsShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of Evil : Evil1451 Words   |  6 Pages The existence of evil seems undeniable. As we progress through our lives and go through our everyday routines, we can see and acknowledge that evil is all around us. By simply turning on the news, we are immediately bombarded with reports of violent murders, dangerous storms, robberies and a new dangerous disease affecting half of the countries in the world. There is no denying that people suffer because we have experienced pain and suffering ourselves. At one point or another in our lives, we areRead MoreThe Atheist Argument From Evil Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesaccidents?† There is so much suffering in this world that we hear about, including rapes, war, genocide, or natural disasters. Every person has different disasters and oftentimes we cannot come up with a possible reason these happen to us. This thought has led some philosophers, such as William Rowe, to believe that God does not exist. Although there are some logical possible reasons God permits evil, it seem unlikely that there are logical reasons for the huge amount of suffering the world experiencesRead MoreThe Problem of Evil Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesIn his essay â€Å"Why God Allows Evil† Swinburne argues that the existence of evil in the world is consistent with the existence of all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good God. To start, Swinburne bases his argument on two basic types of evil: moral and natural. Moral evil encompasses all the ills resulting from human action, whether intentional or through negligence; natural evil included all evils not caused or permitted by human beings. Whereas moral evil such as abortion, murder, terrorism, or theftRead MoreWhy Evil Exists Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Evil Exists After the World War II and the Holocaust, many Jewish and Christian people were left wondering why God would let such a thing happen. Many felt estranged, as if God had somehow abandoned them in their most desperate time of need. The world needed an explanation as to why God would let such a thing happen to his so-called children. This need for an explanation of why evil exists in a world that is supposed to have been created by an all-powerful and all-loving God hasRead MoreWriting Style Used : Mla912 Words   |  4 PagesHamartiology: The Problem of Evil Hamartiology, also known as the doctrine of sin, has been debated for centuries due to the confusion about the existence of evil in the world God created. This doctrine is more than an explanation for the problem of evil, but it affects our relationship with our all-powerful, all-loving God. The problem of evil, indeed, is an issue that objects to the belief of God s existence. Being the label for a series of problems involving God and evil, evil is seen in many differentRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The World1569 Words   |  7 PagesGood News of Jesus. Many people struggle with the issue of evil in the world, they wonder if God is all loving and all powerful how can He allow evil to exist, others also wonder if He exists because of this. I want to assure you God does in fact exist, Romans 1:18-24 tells us God has revealed Himself in such a way that all man knows of God’s existence and divinity. Paul continues to explain there is no excuse not to know of the existence of God and those who refused to honor Him were given over toRead MoreThe Evil Problems Within Theodicy1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evil Problems Within Theodicy The problem with evil in the world can be a test of our faith in God or a higher power. For the most part, we as ordinary people in our society live our lives according to the premise that God is our savior and will lead us to eternal happiness upon our death in this world. As a Catholic, who can be considered more spiritual than religious, I use the belief system of Catholicism for my foundation of my behavior. If I adhere to the rules set out by my god,Read MoreThe Problem Of Evil And Moral Evil1093 Words   |  5 Pagesmade to explain the problem of evil and why it exists in our world when God is all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good. The subject of evil and why it exists is a difficult topic to find an exact answer to, especially when evil is presented in the form of nature. Natural evil and moral evil are two different types of evil that take form and cause suffering to humans. Natural evil is â€Å"events and maladies in nature that bring suffering upon mankind and n ature.† Natural evil can be difficult to explainRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist By H. J. Gilman1664 Words   |  7 Pagesarguments as â€Å"proof† of God’s non-existence to support his atheism. He attacks arguments made by advocates on the existence of God. The arguments argued by Theist are not arguments for proof of God’s existence but are arguments for definitive beliefs of God’s existence. Any argument on proving the Almighty God’s existence is unsatisfactory. The Theist does not attempt to offer â€Å"proof† of God’s existence but rather offer arguments that are the best explanations of the existence of God. Merely observingRead MoreTheodicies1464 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ A theodicy is a defense of Gods goodness in light of the existence of evil. There are different ways of making an argument that constitutes a theodicy, and in this paper I would like to concentrate on three different styles, and analyze them in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. The first type of theodicy is known informally as the greater good argument: it suggests that the evil that is permitted by God is outweighed by his goodness, and is permitted in the course of establishing some

comparison - 2085 Words

English III AP 30 October 2013 Of Mice and Men and The Scarlet Letter Of Mice and Men’s George and The Scarlet Letter’s Hester Prynne the main characters in these two novels. Both are misunderstood by the people around them. Of Mice and Men was written in 1937 by John Steinbeck to show the most vulnerable people in society at that time. The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 to illustrate the way of life for the Puritan society and the way some were punished or misunderstood due to not following the Puritan ways. In Of Mice and Men and The Scarlet Letter Steinbeck and Hawthorne share a common theme between the two novels. By comparing and contrasting the characters, setting, and conflicts it is illustrated that†¦show more content†¦This is the place George learned to trust someone other than himself and Lennie. Another major setting is the forest where George was forced to kill Lennie. Steinbeck paints a peaceful image in the reader’s mind of â€Å"the deep green pool of the Salinas River,† ( Steinbeck 101). It is â€Å"still in the late afternoon. Already the sun had left the valley to go climbing up the slopes of Gabilan Mountains, and the hill tops were rosy in the sun...† although this setting is very calm and peaceful this is where George will kill Lennie to keep him safe from Curley (Steinbeck 101). Like in Of Mice and Men, The Scarlet Letter has major settings of its own to prove the themes of the novels. One of the most major settings is the prison. The prison is where Hester was held for committing adultery. In these different settings we learn about the crimes Hester has committed and how the townspeople view her as a person. We also discover the ways she is left to be alone in the Puritan society with no one to talk to after she has been released from prison. The townspeople â€Å"assembled in front of the wooden edifice, the door of which was heavily timbered,† and watched her walk shamelessly to the scaffold (Hawthorne 31). Another major setti ng would be the â€Å"scaffold† (Hawthorne 33). â€Å"The scaffold† is where Hester was summoned her punishment for committing adultery with the minister Dimmesdale. She was forced to stand onShow MoreRelatedMedia Comparison Paper737 Words   |  3 PagesMedia Comparison Paper Since we have had to make choices and distinguish between one thing and another all of our lives, most of us like to see how others make their decisions. We especially appreciate this strategy if it helps us or informs us in some way. This paper is based on the media of comparing a newspaper ad to the internet ad. When you asked us to write a Compare and Contrast paper, I did not exactly know what you meant. After researching both concepts I learned about new things, ourRead MoreSocial Comparison In The Classroom1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmany different situations and environments. Social comparisons take place in the workplace, at school, within friend groups and many other areas. The social comparison theory may give us more knowledge about why and how we perform these comparisons. Leon Festinger was the psychologist who first brought up the idea of the social comparison theory. According to the theory, there exists two types of comparisons- upward and downward. The upward comparisons involve comparing ourselves to other people whoRead MoreIphone 6 Vs. Samsung Note 4 : The Phablet Comparison Guide3466 Words   |  14 PagesiPhone 6 Plus vs. Samsung Note 4: The Phablet Comparison Guide Copyright  © 2014 Conceptual Kings. All are rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review. Introduction The comparison between these two devices can become a passionate one as users each have their preferences which essentially is what means more to them. ToRead MoreThe Social Comparison Theory: Being a Zero653 Words   |  3 PagesThe Social Comparison Theory: Being a Zero Just a few years ago, being referred to as a â€Å"zero† was something that everyone wanted to avoid. Someone that was a â€Å"zero† was laughed at and ridiculed for being worthless and unpopular. It has not been until recently that being a â€Å"zero† could be a good thing. 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This work will examine the basic premises of each of these along with personal examples provided by the author. Impression Management Impression management is the use of conscious or subconsciousRead MoreWhat I Learned From Taking American Civilization 1700905 Words   |  4 Pagesable to reference and support any claims that are made. Another, weakness I found with the paper was the formatting of the paper. I didn’t like how I listed the comparisons all in a row, than I listed the contrasts. I look at the paper now and I think it may have read better if I had listed a comparison followed by a contrast. The comparison contrast essay turned out great even though I feel it had its weakness’s. I am proud of the work I did on it, and I am proud of what I learned from it. This paperRead MoreMetaphors And Material, Tying And Training Texts : Metaphors For Revision, By Barbara Tomlinson1210 Words   |  5 PagesMetaphors are complex comparisons used in American writing. 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Sanders uses a unique way of writing through narration and life experiences to truly illustrate his point that the impressions of men or women are based on ones own life experiences. As a young

Sustainability Indicators Monitoring System- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSustainability Indicators Monitoring System. Answer: Introduction Sustainability applies to the practices of any organization targeting to build an environment suitable for present as well as future benefits of the same. According to Asbhy (2015), sustainability cannot be termed as independent and absolute conceptual frameworks of human minds but rather it is set in the decisional context on what kind of system should be sustained along with over which patio-temporal range. Now, the process of monitoring the sustainability is a major and an emergent management response addressing the prevalent challenges in the field of sustainability for that organization. The practice of monitoring as opined by Colglazier (2015), is to understand the systems of sustainability and the values it holds. With monitor, the changes required in the system can be predetermined and therefore, they can be used as a warning before handed to these organizations. In general, the sustainability monitoring system explicates the development and progress of an enterprise (Ciegis ,Ramanauskiene Martinkus, 2015). To talk about the system of monitoring, the indicators of sustainability involuntarily come into the scene as crucial aspects and help in the decision-making process in diverse ways. As stated by Endres Remig, (2014), the indictors certainly assist in calibrate and measure progress towards a goal of more sustainable development. The indicators, if efficiently determined can prevent social, economic and even environmental damage by sending an early warning to organizational leaders. Moreover, according to Hailey Lulfs (2014), the indicators are also important tools in the sense they correspond thoughts, ideas and values of an organization both within and outside it. Starting with the economic indicators, it can be noted that primarily these indicators of an organization are related to the production and the rate of consumption. Along with this, the economic indicators submit the market base of the company and refer to the unpaid economy. Detecting the economic policies of an enterprise is obligatory to determine its sustainability. Among the economic indicators comes the total factor of productivity, sales and cost as well as GDP per capita, capital expenditures and net investment into consideration. Apart from this, the environmental indicators perhaps form the core concept of sustainability and provide the evaluation of the organizations impacts on the entities of natural environment principally on land, air, biosphere water ecosystems as well as the human ecology. Under the environmental indictors, the materials of products, energy consumption, biodegradability of the products, transport, air emissions all come into consideration when monitor ing the sustainability factor of any organization. The Enterprise Description Nike Inc. is, at present, the largest marketer of athletic footwear in the world and has a widespread market in the countries like USA and the rest part of the continent, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East as well as in Africa. The company was initiated as a Japanese shoes importer. Nike envisions bringing innovation and inspiration in the entire athletic world (Sustainable Innovation-Nike, 2017). Nikes competitive advantage is sourced from its RD and brand value; it employs the swoosh logo and the trademark of Just Do It that have ascertained the brand value of Nike. In 2015, Nike has been in fact, ranked as Worlds Most Valuable Brands by Forbes and it can be said that Nikes brand value is able to generate massive profit level for the enterprise. The manufacturing network of Nike is spread over 40 countries and consists of more than 700 factories around the world that make their inbound logistics to be cost effective and efficient. However, Nike does not have the possession of manufacturing units for its apparel and footwear; they rather outsource the manufacturing from third parties. Most of the footwear production of Nike is outsourced from the countries like Vietnam, Indonesia and China. Nike has several distribution channels of more than 20 centers ensuring that the outbound logistics of their footwear and apparel are efficient and quick. Nike has leading market share in athletic footwear and most of its revenue for footwear is generated from the North American market. However, among the developing countries, China is rapidly emerging as a potential market for the company. Needless to say, Nikes revenue has been increasing each year due to its advanced and competitive business strategy. To talk about the primary business strategy of Nike, cost leadership is an evident one. Apart from this, the strength of Nike lies on its market image as standard athletic wear. The differentiation of Nikes product is made on brand power, the high quality of its products and strong relationship with well-known athletes. If the brand value is kept aside, innovation will always remain at the core of Nikes growth. The company incessantly concentrates on delivering newer products but maintaining more sustainability on its product offering. Nike Sport Research Lab is the place where scientists, engineers, athletes, designers converge in ord er to build insights on key performance and thus Nikes journey of innovation continues (Sustainable Innovation-Nike, 2017). In future, Nike plans to expand the apparel market and active wear market for women as one of its appreciating venture. Besides, Nikes quarterly financial reports hint at its expansion plans in the market of China as the revenue generation from Chinese market has been growing steadily over past few years. Nike focuses on strengthening its market for competition and its main competitors are Reebok, Puma, Adidas and Under Armour though Nike is undoubtedly the leader in the market of athletic footwear. However, Nike has faced criticism for being hesitant to reveal information about its partners. Some organizations such as Corpwatch has targeted the organization and severe criticism has compelled it to reveal the confidential information in its Corporate Governance Report about the factories with whom it has contracts. Apart from that, Nike has allegations of child labor in countries like Pakistan and Cambodia. However, if these controversies avoided, Nike is sure to be the pioneer in the apparel and sports footwear market across the world. Sustainability Dimensions of Nike The significance and the aspects of corporate sustainability in regards to their operation system involve a number of approaches that the organization encounters in their day-to-day business operations. The outcomes that has been derived due to the practice and application of the sustainability framework of the organization, which influences the mode of economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. The variations, which are observed in meeting the sustainable objectives of the organization, enhance the monitoring and retention process of the firm (Sustainable Innovation-Nike, 2017). Nike, being a globally established enterprise has embarked on the journey of attaining the best of the results by coordinating all its resources and features leading to a sound development strategy for the concern. The medium through which it fulfills the sustainable purpose is by meeting the requirements of the primary dimensions. Moreover, the analysis and review of the indicators through its positioning with the aid of the Dunphy Phase as developed by a number of researchers has helped to develop and enhance the context of sustainability for Nike. The digressions of Nike and its range of the sustainability factors are as follows: Economic factors: It is one of the central and primary determinants which is relevant to the financial acquisition and the cost of production which helps in analyzing the equations of the market. The economic diversity is important for the realization of the financial remediation and helps in coordinating with all the approaches and measures, which are responsible for the mechanisms. The congruency between market stability with the economic fluctuation has several impacts on the unit of production, and the values to be determined for meeting the goals and objectives of the firm. Apparel industry depends on the efforts and constituents of production and therefore it contributes to the generation of more employment opportunities so that it can eventually lead to increasing the GDP of the economy. Owing to the current market capital of $100.1 billion the brand has been influencing its total productivity factor and the stock of the shareholders which is one of the primary and crucial factors while monitoring the sustainability. In regards to its global economic contribution, it stands at 79 in the highest number of sales in Americas Top List of Public Companies. The demands for the product created under the brand of Nike have been a result of its immense popularity listing its USP as under of the valuable brands in a global list. Therefore, the indicators like the demand and supply curve of the apparel industry, the utility and risk factors or producing a new range or series of product, accumulate to influence the sustainability factor adopted by Nike (Sustainab le Innovation-Nike, 2017). Environmental factors: Owing to the initial research development of the reformation system to be brought about in the structure and operations of the corporate framework, the study revealed the significance of the responsibility which these institutions have towards the society The impacts which the operations of one of the renowned apparel and accessories organization have is one of the potent factors which discloses a lot of about the company as they essentially deal with a raw material which has dire consequences on human, water, land and the entire ecosystem if not handled properly. The utility of organic and recycled cotton, which is one of the most innovative sustainable measures adopted by Nike. It provides shoes and apparels which are not only made out of sustainable items but they also make extensive use of recycled products and unused raw materials in the optimum way through several means. As revealed by its Sustainability Report, it accounted for more than 50 million pounds of waste which was used skillfully and the remaining manufacturing scraps were strategically used for more than 3500 trimming functions. Therefore, if the innovations in their product supply enhance and incorporates more programs like Reuse-A-Shoe it will eventually lead t its accomplishment according to the Dunphy Model. The effective use of product materials, like cotton, leather, polyester and rubber are effectively used for creating their product line. The delivered products to are integrated with the line of sustainability leading to the least impact and establishing means with objectives of plummeting environmental footprint. While dealing with the environmental factors, the contribution to reducing waste and carbon emissions because the lack of this has lead to the formation and incorporation of the concept of sustainability. In fact by broadening their scope and formulating plans and proposals which leads to the reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide and other harmful chemicals and releases (Sustainable Innovation-Nike, 2017). In fact, the efficient use of renewable source of energy and effective use of the non renewable source of energy has helped in retaining a sound sustainable system protecting the environment. The processing that involves the carbon footprint has also been reduced over the years. Use of low water, materials, and conditions they have less effect on the product formation technique has been realized through the sustainability drive. Socio-cultural: There are very few established firms, which are really concerned about the impacts which any of its actions has on the environment or affecting its mode of functions. Socio-cultural factor is an important aspect of returning and contributing to the society and maintaining the good influence and curtailing the impacts on which the corporation functions. The ethical framework and other legislations involved in the management of the association has helped in preparing and involving a number of monitoring through which the benefits shall be analyzed. The efforts and awareness it portrays through their effort have helped them to establish the as one of the best companies to work. They use the execution of power and resources as a corporate giant optimally, as it looks after the main assets who are responsible for their products. The integration of the human resources and its development, which has been used for determining the work culture, the diversity policies applicabl e, the structure of the organization and the regulations of stakeholder involvement are important criterion, which depends on the factors of sustainability. Moreover being a major producer of apparel it is involves factories and the channels of production until the finished goods are reached, it goes through a number of hands and ensuring the healthy environment for the workforce involved in this process has led to the maintenance of this issues of corruption and human resource facilitations. Servicing begins therefore they have to also indulge great customer services marketing in order to retain their market place. Therefore, all these features entail the involvement of the sustainable factors, which it allots while monitoring for the indicators. Specific Sustainability Area- Sociocultural List and Assessment of Indicators for Monitoring the Sustainability The importance and significance of sustainability in any corporate setup has been defined in the most comprehensive and detailed manner. In fact, the derivations, categories, the existing processes, the developments and the possibilities that involves within the sustainability-monitoring tool have helped in reaching to this portion of the assessment. In fact, the coincidences for the operation and maximization for their practices in order to reach their goals of FYI2020, Nike has been promoting and taking their brand to a new height, which is apparently leading to their success rate and growth with high valuation and competitive scale for its contemporaries (Sustainable Innovation-Nike, 2017). The chart discusses the indicator which shall be judged based on the factors involves through this assessment. It can be concluded that effective monitoring the sustainability feature of Nike will contribute and help to draw inference how it engages in such amazing strategies in both of their profit and non-profit aspects. Sustainable Apparel Coalition and LAUNCH with NASA, Materials Sustainability Index are some of its innovative collaborations which Nike practices that influences their environmental structure. Name of the Indicator Health and Safety Management System and Policies of the Workers along with their payment structure and work environment. Definition There are very few established firms, which are really concerned about the impacts which any of its actions has on the environment or affecting its mode of functions. Socio-cultural factor is an important aspect of returning and contributing to the society and maintaining the good influence and curtailing the impacts on which the corporation functions. The ethical framework and other legislations involved in the management of the association has helped in preparing and involving a number of monitoring through which the benefits shall be analyzed. Measurement It will be measured through conveying the message to the workers and the employees, as they will be handed over with survey to be conducted in the form of questionnaires as well as interviews and based on this qualitative research the measurements will be made. It may also include the quantitative analysis by calculating the probable risk and the opportunities, which an individual seeks, and how the organization maintains the work force culture by satisfying the nature of work and benefits applied to their employees. Key Limitations The limitations of this research entails that the research and the operations, which involve the soci-cultural options, can be influenced and motivated at any point of time therefore the outcomes can vary drastically. Reference Adams, C. A., OpenMind, B. B. V. A. (2014). Sustainability and the Company of the Future.Reinventing the Company in the Digital Age, 411-430. Ashby, M. F. (2015).Materials and Sustainable Development. Butterworth-Heinemann. Atkinson, G., Dietz, S., Neumayer, E., Agarwala, M. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of sustainable development. Edward Elgar Publishing. Blanco, E. E., Sheffi, Y. (2015). Eco-growth: A framework for sustainable growth. Ciegis, R., Ramanauskiene, J., Martinkus, B. (2015). The concept of sustainable development and its use for sustainability scenarios.Engineering Economics,62(2). Colglazier, W. (2015). Sustainable development agenda: 2030.Science,349(6252), 1048-1050. Distelhorst, G., Hainmueller, J., Locke, R. M. (2014). Does lean improve labor standards? Capability building and social performance in the Nike supply chain.Watson Institute for International Studies Research Paper, (2013-09). Enders, J. C., Remig, M. (2014).Theories of sustainable development. Routledge. Goswami, S., Ha-Brookshire, J. (2015). From compliance to a growth strategy: Exploring historical transformation of corporate sustainability.Journal of Global Responsibility,6(2), 246-261. Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M., Gaffney, O., Rockstrm, J., hman, M. C., Shyamsundar, P., ... Noble, I. (2013). Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet.Nature,495(7441), 305-307. Hahn, R., Llfs, R. (2014). Legitimizing negative aspects in GRI-oriented sustainability reporting: A qualitative analysis of corporate disclosure strategies.Journal of Business Ethics,123(3), 401-420. Hailey, J., Salway, M. (2016). New routes to CSO sustainability: the strategic shift to social enterprise and social investment.Development in Practice,26(5), 580-591. Hayhurst, L. M., Szto, C. (2016). Corporatizating Activism Through Sport-Focused Social Justice? Investigating Nikes Corporate Responsibility Initiatives in Sport for Development and Peace.Journal of Sport and Social Issues,40(6), 522-544. Kaplan, J., Montiel, I. (2016). East vs. West Approaches to Reporting Corporate Sustainability Strategies to the World: Corporate Sustainability.Comparative Perspectives on Global Corporate Social Responsibility, 49. Kareiva, P. M., McNally, B. W., McCormick, S., Miller, T., Ruckelshaus, M. (2015). Improving global environmental management with standard corporate reporting.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(24), 7375-7382. Kozlowski, A., Searcy, C., Bardecki, M. (2015). Corporate sustainability reporting in the apparel industry: an analysis of indicators disclosed.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,64(3), 377-397. McDonagh, P., Prothero, A. (2014). UNPACKING CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY.Waste Management and Sustainable Consumption: Reflections on Consumer Waste, 166. Simes, M. (2014). Social Key Performance IndicatorsAssessment in Supply Chains. Sustainable Innovation. (2017). Nike News. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://about.nike.com/pages/sustainable-innovation Thomas, L. (2016, January). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Socio-Economic Theory, Framework, and Model. InCompetition Forum(Vol. 14, No. 1, p. 85). American Society for Competitiveness. Varsei, M., Soosay, C., Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. (2014). Framing sustainability performance of supply chains with multidimensional indicators.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(3), 242-257. Wheeler, S. M., Beatley, T. (2014).Sustainable Urban Development Reader. Routledge.

Principles Of Separate Legal Personality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principles Of Separate Legal Personality. Answer: Introduction The separate legal personality is one of the basic terms of tenet where Company Law has been premised it helps the fundamental laws to establishes every legislation where a company owns the existence and functions. According to the study the rule of corporate jurisprudence in the case of Salomon V A Salomon And Co Ltd [1897] the court has establishes the principles of separate legal personality which has covered the universal commercial law of regime. The doctrine of separate legal entity has been analyzed in this case which has formed according to the company law and corporate theory. The corporate theory has made several certain principles which are difficult to define due to the unsuitable for strict and permanent delineation for the formation of this law (Lim, 2014). Fact of the case The fact of the case is Solomon who transferred his business of boat making where he runs the business as a sole proprietorship with the company of Solomon Limited which also incorporated property to the members who are himself along with his family. Salomon has transferred the business through the way of shares debentures which included floating charges which define the security against debts for the Assets of the company. However after sometime the business has been failed to corporate it and went into liquidation. Therefore Salomons rights for the recovery of floating charges has been claimed against the debentures which are unsecured creditors but it there was no recovered of such depths from the liquidation process (Waqas Rehman, 2016). Later in the elevation of unjust exclusion the liquidator who has appointed on the behalf of unsecured creditors make the charges of allegation where Solomon was found level for the dates for being the principal in this liquidation process. In which case it was also found the liquidator has overlooked the separate personality of the company Solomon Limited where Solomon itself the member of the company therefore it makes Solomon personally liable for such debt of the company and for being a sole trader of the business it also make the burden for him (Watson, 2015). The issue As per the case fact the issue has been arrival regarding the claims of the unsecured creditors in the liquidation process of the company Solomon Limited where Solomon itself holds the major part of shares and charged for the liability of the companys Debt. Therefore the separate legal in identity of the company weather make liable for the debts where the shareholder holds the rights of sole trader and above the capital contribution the unlimited personal liability of being a member towards the company also holds any duties for payment of the debts of the company (Waqas Rehman, 2016). Applied rules The court of appeals has declared in the case of Solomon vs. Solomon and Co Limited that as Solomon was incorporated in the company contrary according to the true intent as per the Companies Act 1862 and the letter it was found to conduct it with the business as an agent of Solomon therefore he should be responsible for the Dept in curd for running the business which is also recognize as agency. The house of Lord according to the appeal over the ruling and anonymously held of the case proceeding where the company was found Incorporated and independent person with its rights and the liabilities which applied to him were the motives of the promotion of the company was completely found equivalent in describing the actual rights and liabilities therefore the corporate veil has been applied in this case between the company and its owners (Lim, 2014). According to the separate legal personality which has been commenced in Solomon case has make some president relevant decisions has been taken from the cases of Macaura v Northern Assurance Co. 1925, Lee v Lee's Air Farming Limited and Farrar v Farrars Ltd., (1888) (Watson, 2015). In the case of Murray A. Pickering, 'The Company as a Separate Legal Entity' (1968) it has been found that the corporate veil which has been established fair the legal personality separate and independent of a company is help to find the identify of their shareholders. therefore if any rights and obligations or liabilities has applicable for the company therefore the shareholders are also responsible for such capital contribution which is also recognized as limited liability the corporate fiction has been described according to the individuals to pursue the purpose of economic situation of the company where it will never be applicable out the risk or liabilities of the capacity of someone who is related to the company therefore when a company has their own property executive contracts raise debts make investments and run their business as per their rights and obligations it is completely present independent towards their members therefore companies has the right to sue and be sued on its own identity which should be applicable as per the facilities of legal courses most important the terms and conditions of separate real identity only applicable when a company survives on the date of its members (Waqas Rehman, 2016). Application of corporations Act According to the corporate act 2001 has legislated in the Section 124(1) where it describe that a company should have the legal capacity and on powers of an individual both in and outside of their jurisdiction which despite that the legal entity in business is completely separate from another business or any individual who wrote the of the value to accountability the corporation or a limited liability is also represent the example of a separate legal body because when Corporation found to tend to make the separation as per the action of the entity from such individual or any other company. Therefore a company owns the powers of controlling and corporate the whole business where they can issue and cancel shares of the company they also have right to make decision over the and issued shares of the company it also provides the powers to distribute any of the companies property towards the member of that company where it provide security by charging cancelled capital. The Section 124 one also described that a company should be registered or recognized as a corporation under the jurisdiction and also included the outside of the jurisdiction (Lim, 2014). According to the study the rule of corporate jurisprudence in the case of Salomon V A Salomon And Co Ltd [1897] the court has establishes the principles of separate legal personality which has covered the universal commercial law of regime. The doctrine of separate legal entity has been analyzed in this case which has formed according to the company law and corporate theory. Legal consequences In the Solomons case case several legal consequences of separate legal entity has been found according to the company law when a company is formed and incorporated therefore they are bound to follow of the application of the separate identity principle though such legal consequences make distinction between private and company debts. It also make the distinction between legal entity of private and company assets where company is liable to contract with their members which includes employees, directors and other members who are related to the company (Waqas Rehman, 2016). When debts are being taken under the companys name therefore it should be belongs to the company as well as maybe not the directly related with the shareholders or director or any other else. Therefore house of Lord has made a decision in this case where they mentioned that the debts and liabilities should be make the legal right to the company through the separate legal person but there should be some circumstances and in modern law it to have as modified by the statute law. According to the Corporation Act 2001 the section 588G and section 197 has defined the directors of a Trustee company or the directors itself reliable as per the circumstances of public policy where the corporate gifts should in card during the trading (Watson, 2015). According to the case facts the assets which have been purchased on the name of company and the accounts from the company therefore it should be belong to the company. Those are never directly owned by the directors or any shareholders or any other member of the company though if any shares have been owned of 100% of the company. Therefore it will still belong to the company not to other persons all the members from the company. This only happened due to the separate legal entity. The company has right to owned the property in its own which has been mentioned in Section 124 of Corporation Act. Therefore it also described that company is legally owned with ownership rights which belongs to the property. These circumstances has been in one of the famous case Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd (1925) where the court has found that the company has completely holds the property separately from the property of the members of the same company (Waqas Rehman, 2016). When company get there separate legal entity therefore they have all the rights to make or enter into any contractual relation with the shareholders the directors and others member who are related in the companies controlling member. This circumstance has been found to by the House of Lords in one of the famous case of Lee v Lees Air Farming Ltd (1961). In this case the court has proved the circumstances where the company has right to make a relationship or enter in an employment contract with Mr. Lee Lord Morrison who holds a major shareholder position in this company (Lim, 2014). Therefore it is important to discuss that and employer of a company who owns the position of separate legal entity holds various obligations where one is important to provide a safe system of work where it may never enter with any matter of the injured employees which could be a director of the controller of the company. The high court of Australia has been made a historical legislative decision in the Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) where it has been illustrated that when the terms of introduction has arises between the legal principles in the Corporate law and the employers duty of care therefore under the employment law it is important for the company to provide a proper safe system of work for those employees and other members of the company (Watson, 2015). Piercing of the corporate veil In the Solomons case the English Court has found several situations which were permissible to disregard with the principles to Pierce the corporate veil which described by completely separate entity principles which found unfair. Therefore in such situation the court has right to make decisions which create quantity as per the principles on several grounds. Sometimes it has been found that the court do such act for reach the actual person who holds the duty of legal separate entity behind the veil and to find the actual true nature of the company. The court has right to described the corporate veil or lift the veil in the area of law has been ill-defined, inconsistent and quiet unpredictable according to the law of Corporation. In the case of Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd the High Court has pointed out the consequences of common and unifying principles as per the decision of the court where it is necessary to lift or ignore the corporate veil due to the ill-defined, inconsistent and quiet unpredictable situation (Lim, 2014). Therefore it is necessary to determine the situation when the discrete of the separate entity principles or commentators has found to be divided from their instances into several categories and it should not have any concerts as per the type of categories and the similar cases which should be placed in the terms of corporate veil. It is also stated that the ultimate policy for lifting the veil should depend and applicable as per the policy regarding the justice which has been given by the court. It actually provide legal decision for define or give proper rights or duties to a company where they hold several obligations and liabilities towards their shareholders and it should be formed and applicable for the separate legal person who is solely completely responsible for such debts which in cards for the sole beneficiary of the credit by their own (Waqas Rehman, 2016). Conclusion Therefore as per the decision in the Solomons case the separate legal personality of the corporation has been defined through the Companies Act but it is also described in the modern company legislations of Corporation Act where the separate legal personality towards the company which allowed the shareholders for carrying on trading with minimal exposes which are related to the risk of personal insolvency from the event of the collapse. In addition the exceptions of such principles of separate legal entity has also justified by the court where is this regards and make ruling contrary as per the principles of the company Act the court has also justified on the terms of leave the corporate veil where several views has been found and the principles which are followed in the court however the article 16 of the Companies Act 1997 has define such principles which has been followed in the company while processing the Solomons case in the court. Though it has become one of the most historica l Landmark company case law in the UK and most of the time it is cited on the area of company law (Waqas Rehman, 2016). References Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) 206 ALR 387; (2004) HCA 28 Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 Farrar v Farrars Ltd., (1888) 40 ChD 395 Lee v Lees Air Farming Ltd (1961) AC12 Lee v Lee's Air Farming Limited 1961 AC 12 Lim, E. (2014). Of Landmarkor LeadingCases: Salomon's Challenge. Journal of Law and Society, 41(4), 523-550. Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd (1925) AC 619 Macaura v Northern Assurance Co. 1925 AC 619 Murray A. Pickering, 'The Company as a Separate Legal Entity' (1968) 31 Mod. L. Rev. 481 Salomon V A Salomon And Co Ltd [1897] AC 22 Waqas, M., Rehman, Z. (2016). Separate Legal Entity of Corporation: The Corporate Veil. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 3(1), 1-4. Watson, S. (2015). Can Shareholders of a Company Override a Management Decision Made by the Board?: Attorney-General v Ririnui. Browser Download This Paper.

Why Content Marketing Fails in Information Technology (and how to fix it) - The Writers For Hire

WHY CONTENT MARKETING FAILS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (AND HOW TO FIX IT) As the world moves toward an increasingly digital existence, the IT industry has been growing more than ever. With that growth comes a need for IT companies to stand out from the pack and establish themselves as leaders in their field. Content marketing — which is a form of self-promotion that uses web content such as blog posts, emails, white papers to help companies build relationships with potential customers — has long been celebrated as one of the best ways for a company to establish authority in their field. Content marketing isn’t a one-size-fits all solution, though. Sometimes you may find that, despite your best efforts, you’re just not achieving your goals. People aren’t sharing your posts (or even reading them). No one has liked any of your Facebook posts, and your email open rate is just embarrassing. It’s OK. This happens all the time. IT can be a tricky field from a content marketing perspective. Even though IT spending is on the rise, finding a way to engage with your customers (past, present, and future) can be tough. If you’re an IT marketing manager who’s been trying to figure out why your content marketing efforts haven’t been doing what you’d hoped, you’re in luck. We’ve put together a helpful list of common mistakes that people make when putting a content marketing strategy in place for the IT world. As an added bonus, we’ve included a few helpful tips to break the cycle. It’s Boring! IT is one of those fields where everything is technical. It doesn’t matter if you’re talking server capacity, redundancy, or uptime; you’re going to be describing something where details matter — but you have to choose the right details, or you will inspire a non-optimal reader behavior.   This is, they’ll stop reading. That’s because no one wants to read something that isn’t interesting. Not you, not your boss, and definitely not your potential customers. If you’re spending time creating content that isn’t exciting, your content marketing efforts aren’t going to achieve your goals. Engaging content does several things: It tells a story. And when it’s appropriate, it tells your story. It helps people connect with your brand. The more people understand you, the more likely people are to spend their money with you. It’s sharable. The more interesting your content, the more people are going to want their friends, family, and — most importantly — their business contacts to see it. The thing is, just because you’re in what many people would consider a boring market, doesn’t mean your content has to be boring. A lot of industries fall victim to this trend, but you don’t have to. Paddy Padmanabhan is the CEO of Damo Consulting, a B2B health care technology firm that specializes in thought leadership. â€Å"Most people don’t realize that being good at what you do, doesn’t mean you can write about it,† he says. Take the time to learn about storytelling. Being able to tell the kind of story that people want to read can turn any topic into something interesting. A great example of this is the TV show, How It’s Made. Working in a factory is about as boring as it gets. You do one task, like putting empty boxes on a conveyor belt. All. Day. Long. The job itself is pretty uninspiring. What is interesting, though, is the process of manufacturing. How It’s Made nails this with well-produced, highly engaging segments on everything from light bulbs to fishing rods. It’s been so successful in telling the story of manufacturing that it’s been running since 2001. If a TV show can do that with something like manufacturing light bulbs, you can tell the fascinating behind-the-scenes story of your IT solutions. Quantity Over Quality Some people think that if they start a blog and load it with as much content as possible, they’re running a successful content marketing campaign. They’re not. What they are doing is filling up space — space that could be used to publish high-quality content that readers and potential customers will love — with fluff. Fluff isn’t a good thing. No one likes fluff, not even people who produce cotton balls. Liz Bedor is a content strategy manager who works in the health care technology sector. â€Å"It’s all test and learn,† she says about trying to figure out how often to post content. â€Å"Start with one a week and go from there.† It helps to set goals with your content marketing efforts, Bedor says. They could be something like generating leads and building your email list. Whatever your goals may be, your content needs to drive people towards those goals. If your one post a week isn’t quite doing what you’d hoped it would do, try two posts a week. Keeping tinkering with the frequency of your posts until you find the spot that is hitting all your goals. Stick with it. Not only do people appreciate well-crafted content, the more time you spend publishing and producing that content, the more likely you are to become one of those places that people go to for information (like Slashdot or Ars Tehcnica). Attaining this level of readership is a gold mine for any industry, but in the IT world, people love thought leaders. It’s not always easy to attain thought leadership status, but the value that comes from being a thought leader is undeniable. You Don’t Promote it This is a big one. You could have the best, most engaging content in the world †¦ but if you’re not sharing it, telling your friends to share it, or talking about it on your email list (we’ll talk about these next), no one is ever going to see it. Love it or hate it, social media is undeniably a great tool for getting your content out there, especially in the IT world. If you don’t have a social media presence, now is the time to get one. Social media might not lead to more sales, per se, but it’s a great way to let people know you’re there and showcase your content. Interestingly enough, for IT professionals, LinkedIn is the place to be. Up to 80 percent of IT professionals consume content on LinkedIn at least once a week. So if you’re not on LinkedIn, get your company a profile and start posting your content up there ASAP. â€Å"Tech professionals are all about LinkedIn,† says Padmanabhan. â€Å"They are looking at LinkedIn all the time, checking it out at least once a day. It’s where they gather to exchange ideas and share articles.† Not only is the platform a good one for helping educate yourself, he adds, but it’s a great medium for promoting your content. LinkedIn helps you target very specific audiences, and regularly posting there increases your chances of other tech professionals reading your content. We’ve already talked about how IT professionals love to follow influencers and thought leaders, but they’re also big on social media sharing. If you haven’t managed to establish yourself as a thought leader, see what you can to do to get one to share your content. The more shares you get, the more people see your content. The more people see your content, the more people think of you. The more people think of you, the more likely they are to visit your site when they have an IT need. You’re Using the Wrong Kind of Content Every bit as much as you need your content to be interesting, you need to make sure you’re using the right kind of content. This is an easy one to overlook because every industry is different. If you’re not paying attention to current trends, you’re going to end up publishing the wrong kind of content for your audience. First of all, despite what you’ve heard, email isn’t dead. Not by a long shot. If you’re not using email, you’re missing out on one of the best ways to engage with your customer base. Well-written emails can point people in the direction you want them to go and help them make critical decisions for their company (like choosing your solution over a competitor). Secondly, IT professionals love content that is: Relevant to their company Helpful with skill development Interesting to others in their network Engaging (this is one of those things that comes up time and time again) If you want to reach IT professionals, your content needs to be some combination of these things (like an engaging series of blog posts that other IT professionals could use to stay current, for example). Finally, it helps to understand what kind of content IT professionals consume. If there’s one thing IT pros love, it’s white papers. They consume almost 30 percent more white papers than non-IT professionals. When you think about it, it’s kind of a no-brainer. Padmanabahn says that C-level executives, like CEOs and CIOs, love white papers because they allow them to quickly cruise through the content and gather up the relevant pieces of information about the topic, product, or trend they’re reading about. IT professionals also have a pretty healthy appetite for webcasts and podcasts, so don’t overlook these content platforms when you’re planning out your strategy. Ultimately, the kind of content you use depends on who you’re targeting. You’re Winging It Very, very few things work out the way you’d want them to if you don’t have at least some kind of plan. Content marketing is no different. Not having a documented strategy in place could be the thing that kills you, even if your content is killer. It’s easy to just sit down and start producing content. There’s always something to write about, no matter what your industry is. The problem is, if you’re just posting random blogs or sending out emails that don’t have a purpose, your efforts will inevitably fall short. Taking the time to thoughtfully plan out your content makes all the difference in the world. The key thing is to write down what you hope to achieve with your content marketing efforts. If your goal is to attract potential new customers to your site, producing high-level content aimed at people who are already customers isn’t going to help. Here’s a great example of a company that did things right. Logicalis, an IT company based out of the UK, came up with a plan that revolved around putting out an ebook that their prospects would find interesting. Instead of just throwing together an ebook and posting it on their website, they put together a plan that combined the use of a microsite (a series of eight web pages that existed separately from their main web page), the ebook, and a series of emails. The end result was $8 million in new sales for their HP products. Of course it wasn’t just a matter of putting together an some emails and a microsite, either. Each phase of the plan was carefully thought out using a brand storytelling agency. First of all, they had a goal, which was to increase sales of a certain product using a non-sales approach. The ebook topic was determined by sitting down with the sales team and figuring out what pain points potential customers were experiencing — they did this by following conversations people were having. The end result of talking to their potential customers was an ebook called Elements of Design: How the Data Center of Today Can Be The Data Center for Tomorrow. Once they had a topic, the next step was figuring out how to reach potential customers.   A series of six emails was put together to help drive traffic to the microsite. Each of the emails addressed a particular need that potential customers may have had and directed them to a microsite where they could download the ebook. The emails were sent out to a segmented list of 2,000 prospects based on what they had either previously purchased or expressed an interest in. The microsite was designed to capture leads by offering a just enough of a taste of what the ebook contained that they would want to enter their information and download the ebook. From there, Logicalis followed up with leads via the phone and, eventually, moved further them down the sales cycle. Compare that approach to going to the grocery store without a shopping list. Sure, you can do a successful grocery shop without a grocery list, but odds are, you’re going to discover that you left out a main ingredient for dinner because you were distracted by the cookie aisle. It happens to the best of us. Having the proper plan in place will keep you focused. You might still get distracted by cookies, but you’ll have a constant reminder of why you went to the store in the first place. You Don’t Understand what Your Customers Needs Sometimes, no matter how successful your company is, you can be disconnected from your customers. This is something that can easily happen if you’re been in the business for a while, especially if things are going well. It’s easy to think that, because your business is successful, you’ve got your customers figured out. And you know what? You probably do. At least to a certain degree. The thing is, though, while you might be dominating in one area of your customer’s desire, you could be underservicing another. The easiest way to solve this problem is to simply talk to your customers. A quick survey could show you that, while your customers are happy with what you do, a lot of them might wish you offered a related service. In fact, you might discover that you do offer that service, but they don’t know about it. Interviewing past customers is another great way to find out if you’re meeting all the needs of your client base. â€Å"If you are struggling to understand the topics you should be using,† says Bedor, â€Å"then talking to the customer helps.† Reaching out to customer success teams — whose job is to help develop customer relationships that promote retention and loyalty — can be another great way to figure out the kind of content that your customers want, according to Bedor. Finding out what questions these teams deal with most often can be a useful first step to determining the kinds of content customers want. Once you figure out those needs, you can start talking directly to those points in your content marketing. After all, there’s no sense in talking someone’s ear off about email servers when all they want to do is set up virtual workstations for their remote employees. Creating content based on customer questions helps take some of the burden off the customer success team, too. No one wants to answer the same question 10 times day. Moving Towards Better Content Hopefully, by now, you have a sense of what might be going wrong with your content marketing efforts. It usually doesn’t take much to set things down the right path (reading this is a great step toward correcting the problem). As with a lot of things, there’s bound to be a little bit of trial and error involved with figuring out your ideal content marketing strategy. But with everything from light bulbs to dishwashers being connected to the internet, there’s never been a better time to be in the IT field.

Psychology

Psychology Introduction Sex and gender fundamentally illuminate the effects of being male, female or transgendered considering a variety of explanations from different fields. Sex in psychology is explained in a myriad of ways which highlight how women and men behave within the constraints of the society (Fiske, Gilbert Lindzey 629).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychology sex and gender specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differentiating sex and gender Sex is illustrated in genetic/biological terms while gender is expressed through environmental factors. In biological terms, sex bears reference to the condition of being male, female or transgendered considering the reproductive attributes of an individual. Biological expertise has it that these groups differ in associated hormones, chromosomes and reproductive organs. In everyday living, categorization of sex is based on individual evaluation or judgments’ wi th the exception of the intersex (Unger, 3). The term gender bears reference to the societal/ communal perceptive of the male and female sex. In collective terms, the dissimilarity that exist between male and female are attributed to the division of labor. In this sense, gender roles and identity are given a more artistic meaning and understanding. Society possesses stereotypical attitudes and practices which influences the behavior of men and women extensively. Differences in hostility and pro-social behavior between men and women are influenced by the community which houses different individuals. Impacts of biosocial sex behavior The distinctions arising from the differences in biological and social aspects in sex are illustrated by different theories of complexity. It is not forgotten that gender is influenced by socio-cultural factors housed by the environment. For example, according to experts, genes are hereditary but their functions are influenced by socio-cultural issues. On the other hand, biological factors are also influenced by the conditions present within the environmental. As an example boys’ preference for masculine toys is attributed to hormones within the body; however, environmental factors such as parent and friends also play a vital role in infusing attitudes and practices (Unger, 3). Biosocial influence on division of labor The nature of labor in the society with respect to male or female characters is influenced by different factors such as biological, environmental and to greater extent socio-cultural concepts (Fiske, Gilbert, and Lindzey, 629). Women bear children placing them in a better position to nurse them in comparison to men. This is despite men’s masculine body and immense strength. Technically, labor is divided in the society on the basis that one sex can perform a task better than the other.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Influence of gender roles on men and women behavior The conduct of men and women in the society is defined and explained by their roles; however, a person may wonder exactly how this happens. Hormones are known to change from time to time thereby releasing chemicals/substances which influence an individual’s behavior. Societal stereotypical beliefs also play a role in defining an individual’s behavior as far as sex and related activities are concerned. Cultural aspects portrayed by the wider society indicate that men and women behave differently as per social roles attached to each sex. Conclusion In as much as stereotypical behavior is a barrier when talking about change, it is a perfect tool that serves to preserve our cultural and traditional identity. Biological and environmental factors are the key instruments that determine an individual sex and gender. Furthermore, they also explain the role and behavior of persons in the soc iety. Rhoda, Unger. Handbook of the Psychology of Women and Gender, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2004, 3 Susan, Fiske. Daniel, Gilbert. Gardner, Lindzey. Hand book of Social Psychology, 5th Edition, Volume One. New Jersey: John Wiley and sons, 2009, (5), 629

The Effectiveness of the Royal Family and how it has changed the Essay

The Effectiveness of the Royal Family and how it has changed the United Kingdom - Essay Example The leader of the political which acquires the most number of seats in the House of Commons can form a government and this opportunity is granted to the Member of Parliament by the monarch. INTRODUCTION TO THE BRITISH ROYAL FAMILY The last monarch who took active part in the government was Queen Anne and she was responsible for the Act of Union 1707 according to which England and Scotland were united into a single Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1714, Queen Anne was succeeded by George I (Luttrell 1857). Formation of the British Royal Family The new monarch was not as active in the government as his predecessors but he did not let go of his governmental control over his German kingdoms. Due to his comparative inactiveness in the government, the governmental powers shifted towards the ministers of George. In this regard, most powers were shifted to Sir Robert Walpole who is regarded as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The title of the Prime Minister was not officially used at that time but due to the powers held by Sir Robert Walpole, it is said that he was the first Prime Minister (Pinches & Pinches 1974). This was the initiation of the change in the political structure of the United Kingdom and it can said that this was the start of the formation of the United Kingdom as it is today. ... The next monarch was George II and with his ancestors, the Royal Family grew. The members of the Royal Family increased and since then the Royal Family holds a very special position in the political structure of the United Kingdom. The Royal Family has a number of formal responsibilities and whether the responsibilities are taken care of is recorded. The formal responsibilities include meetings among the members of the Family and other public engagements (Collins 1984). Role of the Royal Family in the United Kingdom The members of the Royal Family take part in hundreds of public engagement that take place each year all around the United Kingdom. The members of the United Kingdom attend the ceremonies to encourage and know about the endeavors of institutions and individuals in their work regarding different aspects of life. The members of the Royal Family take part in certain activities on behalf of HM The Queen and act on her behalf. The members of the Royal Family often take part in commemorating historical events, celebratory occurrences, holidays and tragic occurrences. Due to the involvement of the Royal Family in such occurrences, the Royal Family holds an important position for the people of the United Kingdom. The citizens of the United Kingdom attach great respect to the Royal Family and honor the involvement of the Royal Family in national activities with great enthusiasm. The Royal Family also sponsors a number of cultural, social and charitable activities. This is also one of the reasons behind the constant high position of the Royal Family among the citizens of the United Kingdom. By these activities, the Royal Family shows that it cares for the people of the United Kingdom and in turn the people of the United Kingdom

Aspirations for Future-Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aspirations for Future-Social Work - Essay Example The purpose of life may also change continuously for some individuals as they gain more experiences in life .I have also wondered about how my life should take shape , in order to figure out my career options I made a not of how my personality is and what career options will best suit me .I have always been troubled by my desire to help people. I have noted since my early childhood days that I become worried when people around me are facing any trouble. I simply cannot ignore their situation and move on in life. The desire to help anyone in trouble sometimes becomes an obsession for me. I am not talking about helping only the poor people or things like that; I even want to help people who face any family or personal problems. I have learnt to live with this attitude of mine and have even decided to move ahead my career path in this direction. Work Environment Social work; although a very satisfying career option but is also a very challenging one. The work environment is not the one which is provided by corporate world. Understaffing and large caseloads is the norm in the industry. Social workers also have to work under a lot of budgetary constraints as unlimited amount of money is never available to a social worker. The work also involves a lot of field visits and leaving your desk to visit the client. The working hours are normally 40 hours a week but may even increase in emergency situations. Educational Qualifications and Trainings Required A bachelor’s degree in social work (BSW) is the basic requirement that most organization demand for entry level positions in social work .These programs deal with social work values and ethics, promotion of social and economic justice human behaviour and social research methods. Most of the programs also provide you with minimum of 400 hours of field work. (British Association Of Social Workers, 2011) As a thumb rule in England I need 5 GCSE’s grade A to Cincluding English and Mathsand 2 A-levels.These aret hegrades that Ineed to obtain in order to enter a BSW program. (Prospects, 2011) However if I want to move into heath and school work or even clinical work ; then a masters degree in social work will be required(MSW).At this stage I really do not know if I would like to go for the Masters degree but would decide as time progresses. A doctorate degree will be my preferred option if I want to teach in a university. I am currently not keeping this as an option as I would like to work on the field and leave the research work to others. Apart from these necessary degrees a social worker also needs to undergo various certifications and programs in order to advance in his career forward. Most states also require social workers to fulfil licensing, certification or registration requirements-these will be studies by me when I actually work on the field. Some of the colleges which I will be targeting for my BSW programme have been listed by me in the table below- (Social Work Training, 2011) Bristol University Middlesex University Birmingham University Bradford University Cardiff University Lancaster University Leeds Metropolitan University Liverpool University Employment Opportunities According to department of labour statistics, 67% of jobs in 2008 were in the healthcare and social assistance industries and 23% were employed by the government. (British Association Of Social Workers, 2011) Most of the social workers have been working in the cities but some do get a chance to work in the rural areas as well .The BASW predicts tough competition in urban

How Microsoft Office is Used in Businesses Today Research Paper

How Microsoft Office is Used in Businesses Today - Research Paper Example The software allows the user to type, edit, save and format a document which can later be printed or virtually viewed. This application is used to create business letters, reports, written deals, thesis, research reports and almost anything which requires word processing. The software gives convenience to business users through features such as spell checking, preset formats, convenient referencing, reviewing, convenient flow charts, inserting tables and much more (Manzo, Piziak, & Rhoads, 2009, p. 23). Organization can use the mail merge feature to conveniently send letters to their large number of customers. The software is also used to create questionnaire. It provides shapes, buttons, check boxes and other features for this purpose. Word can also be used in creating different pads and forms. Microsoft Excel This is the spreadsheet tool. The software is extensively used in the accounting departments of organizations for recording, editing and formatting. Businesses uses Excel to c reate different financial statements such as Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Inflow/Outflow and their subparts (Gross, Akaiwa, Nordquist, & Littlefield, 2007, pp. 19,20). The software is used in managing the budget, keeping the customer records, business intelligence, sales analysis, performance dashboard and etcetera (What is excel?). Organizations use the Pivot Table function for data summarization where it helps in totaling the data amount and calculating the average of it. The software is used for problem solving. By using the correct tools, not only it can deal with immediate problem presented, but those which are expected with the help of, for example, tools like â€Å"what if† analyses (Gross, Akaiwa, Nordquist, & Littlefield, 2007, p. 24). Most of the companies are using Excel for Corporate Budgeting, especially the smaller one which cannot effort costly BPMS. Organizations are also using Excel for Inventory Management with the help of formula and function featu res of the software. The software can also present the inventory record in a customized way through drop down boxes entries etc (What is excel?). It is also used to create customized forms. The chart feature is often used to give the data a visual presence for greater understandability. Businesses prefer to use Excel in finding out Profit Breakeven because it makes the process very simple. Microsoft Access Access is the database software. The application is widely used by businesses, especially the smaller organizations. The application can be used to build small databases for customer tracking, inventory management system, data extraction, data mart, custom report, sale recording & analysis and much more (Manzo, Piziak, & Rhoads, 2009, p. 656). Different types of organization can use it differently. Schools and universities can use it to create database of their student. Hospitals can use it for their patient’s entry. A FMCG can use it to have record of all their inputs and outputs. Organizations finds effective integration and low cost the main reason to use this software. Microsoft PowerPoint PowerPoint is the presentation creating tool of Microsoft Office. Businesses worldwide are using this application to create presentations in order to better explain their

Growing demand for corporate governance reform

Growing demand for corporate governance reform 1. Introduction: In recent years, various researchers and scholars have argued that globalisation is leading to escalating convergence in the nature of corporate governance systems, across the corporate world. Hansmann and Kraakman (2000) states; a global compromise has now emerged that corporate managers and authorities must operate exclusively in the economic interests of shareholders, and as a result, all jurisdictions will inevitably move towards a newer model of corporate governance. However, before analyzing in-depth nuances of this concept, we should first try and understand this terminology. The definition of corporate governance can be traced back to the time of the formation of Cadbury Committee (C.C.) in the year 1992. This committee was appointed by the conservative government of the United Kingdom in this year, with obligations of addressing the financial aspects of corporate governance. The C.C. came into existence in response to a number of corporate scandals that radiate uncertainty o n the systems for controlling the ways corporations are run. This committee described Corporate Governance as the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Firstly, it is imperative to understand the significance that corporate governance as a concept holds to its beneficiaries. The importance of corporate governance lies in its contribution both to the concepts of business prosperity and to accountability. Its a strategic sword which has both its sides sharp enough, either to enhance the business efficiency or prove detrimental in the longer run. However, off-late the unprecedented inclination in the corporate scandals and failures around the world rather depicts a gloomy picture. Whilst progressing in this article I will illustrate various such corporate and financial fiascos and the reforms that have been put in place to avoid such massive failures around the corporate world. Besides, an in-depth analysis of the objectives and obstacles associated with corporate global reform measures would also be put forth. 2. Discussion: 2.1 Understanding Corporate Governance Reforms and its Implications. A corporate governance dilemma occurs, at the most basic level, whenever an outside investor desires to implement control differently from the manager in charge of the organization. Disseminated ownership amplifies the problem by giving rise to differences of interest between the various corporate stakeholders and by producing a collective action problem among shareholders  [1]  . More often, an elementary predicament of corporate governance surfaces from an overview that: regulation of large shareholder involvement may provide better security to small shareholders, but such policies may escalate managerial discretion and scope for abuse, (Becht, Bolton and Roell, 2003; Weiss, 1990). Since the year 2001, there has been renewed curiosity in the corporate governance practices of modern organizations, predominantly due to the high-profile disintegrations of a number of large corporations in the United States, such as  Enron Corporation  and  WorldCom. Such collapses have further led authorities to examine the necessity of improved and stronger corporate governance reform measures. Convergence among stakeholders is an essential part of the organization and economic stability, adhering to the corporate reform measures. According to OSullivan (1999: p.4), convergence arguments are emphasized by the neoclassical idea that the formation of liberal markets, which corporate governance reform is seen as facilitating, leads to finest economic outcomes and, in particular, greatest efficiency in terms of the distribution of scarce economic resources. Opinions such as these stiffen our beliefs of corporate governance measures being implemented. Besides, according to Rosse r (2003), corporate governance reform needs to be understood, not in terms of the extent to which it endorses development and effectiveness, but in terms of the extent to which it serves or harms particular political and social interests. It has become extremely essential for all the stakeholders to take into consideration various necessities of a deftly crafted governance reform. Efficient governance ensures that constituencies with a relevant interest in the companys business are completely taken into consideration. 2.2 Why Corporate Governance is an important issue? Claims that corporate governance systems are undergoing scrutiny have intensified in the wake of the Asian crisis and its aftermaths. Limitations in Asian corporate governance systems were widely seen as a primary cause of the Asian crisis and its consequences (Johnson et al, 2000; Dickinson Mullineux, 2001). With the advent of various colossal corporate crises all over the world, institutions such as The World Bank  [2]  have launched a range of schemes to promote corporate governance reform in developing and transition economies. Especially after what happened to corporations such as Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, it has become all the more essential to adopt measure to streamline and conserve corporate governance policies. Corporate structures and governance agreements diverge widely from country to country. They are a product of the local economic and social environment. However, the fundamental issues of management accountability are more or less similar everywhere. The Cadbury Committee was a landmark in thinking on corporate governance. Cadburys suggestion were publicly endorsed in the United Kingdom and included in the listing regulations. The report also proved to be influential in many abroad countries and it has presented a benchmark against which standards of corporate governance in other markets are being measured. Traditionally, the corporate governance models have long been adopted from countries such as the US and the UK. With globalization, increasingly more corporations and governments have been driven towards the more efficient mode of conducting economic activities modelled after the Anglo-American system (Gourevitch, 2003; Jomo, 2004). According to Deakin et al (2005: p.1), The corpor ate governance atmosphere in the UK and the US is generally thought to be aggressive to the emergence of cooperative employment relations of the kind exemplified by labour-management partnerships. Becht, Bolton and Roell, (2003) have identified some factors which can be attributed to the prominence of corporate governance as a crucial issue. They state events such as, world-wide wave of privatization, growth of private savings and the takeover wave of the 1980s, which have put the limelight on corporate governance in developing markets. Besides, the colossal takeover wave in the US during the year 1980s and in Europe in the 1990s has further fuelled the public debate on corporate governance. 2.3 Understanding Corporate Governance Reform Policies and debates. Governance reform measure in the emerging and ripe markets has not progressed despite the willingness shown by the policymakers. According to a report developed by McKinsey Company, there are various ways in which a new life to a reform agenda can be given. Firstly they propose that governance reforms measures need to allocate more emphasis to driving transformation through institutional reforms of capital markets. Secondly, they stress upon the fact that family run business should have separate rights and must be recognized separately. Corporate governance reform continues to be a major concern for most of the emerging economies, throughout the world. International organizations have played a very active and determining role regarding this issue. The International Monetary Fund, The World Bank and The Organizations for Economic Cooperation have all been raising the profile of the corporate governance reforms across the corporate and financial sector. Despite their persistent effort s, corporate market standards in emerging markets are still far behind as compared to those of the US, UK and Europe, as stated by the McKinsey Report. It has been identified that there is a lack of progress and this topic or issue needs much more to be addressed towards itself. Typically, corporate governance practices are crafted to suit the needs of core shareholders of the organization. However, due to this very reason, there has been an increase in the amount and intensity of conflicts between all the stakeholders of the organizations. Problems: The state of Equity holders of corporations worldwide is gloomy, to say the least. According to a recent finding by a financial institution, stock markets are off 50% almost everywhere, banks and similar financial institutions are constantly under the threat of nationalization, dividends are being cut constantly, and to top it all there has been a constant upsurge in the number of frauds happening. According to Hadiz (1997), company employees have not been a key factor in corporate governance policy making, which in turn has given rise to the ever inclining ramshackle corporate governance. Other factors which contributed to this problem have been excessive risk taking by managers, failure on the part of the board and lack of knowledge of financial products. Besides, differences in ownership structure have two palpable consequences for corporate governance, as stated by Morck, Wolfenzon, and Yeung (2005). Apart from this, governing shareholders have both the enticement and the power to discipline management authority. On the other hand, concentrated ownership can create conditions for a new agency problem, because the interests of controlling and minority shareholders are not aligned. There have been a lot of failures in the corporate circuit, which have in a way fuelled the ongoing debate about the corporate governance reform measures. Some of these failures include undetected off-balance sheet loans to a controlling family, deliberate misleading of investors, insider trading and other such infamous events (Becht, Bolton and Roell, 2003). 2.4 Scandals in the corporate domain 2.4.1 Enron: This is the most popular of all the scams and is still being referred to after so many years. This scandal involved unrevealing of debts, increasing revenues and dishonesty. It resulted to the dislodgment of more than twenty thousand people, the death of Americas Most Innovative Company for many years in a row and the termination of one of the Big 5 global accounting firms (Andersen). 2.4.2 WorldCom: WorldCom is now known as MCI, Inc. is part of the Verizon Communications group, today. The company emerged from bankruptcy in the year 2003. The allegations included, inflating overall assets through capitalization of operating costs. The scam amount was estimated to be around, a whooping $11 billion. WorldComs intense bankruptcy filing comes second only to the Lehman Brothers which happened in the year 2008, in the history of such filings in the United States. 2.4.3 Qwest Communications: Its a telecommunications company offering services to 14 states in the in the economy of the US. In the year 2002, it was understood that the company engaged in counterfeit accounting practices which resulted in the inflation of its revenues generated from its deals with Enron Corporation. 2.4.4 Satyam Computer Services: This is a company based in India (now taken over by Mahindra Group). This is the most recent scandal in the financial domain, where the chairman overstated the cash and receivables by a total of over $100 million. Overall Satyams assets were inflated by about $1.85 billion. 2.5 Progress of efforts towards corporate governance reforms In spite of all that has been happening all over the world, pertaining to the fiascos of the financial infrastructures of corporations, there has been a lot of effort taken towards developing measures to curb such events. In the last couple of decades, three largest continental European countries (i.e. Germany, Italy and France) have enacted noteworthy corporate law reforms to strengthen the system of internal governance, empower shareholders better, improve revelation requirements and toughen public enforcement regulations (Enriques and Volpin, 2007). Special prominence is being placed on empowering minority shareholders of the organization, which can hugely contribute towards streamlining the way corporate governance functions. Apart from this, Ziegler (2000) points out that, a long era of political fight between workers and employers in places such as Germany has produced a corporate governance system in which employees in many companies are represented on supervisory boards and a re consequently able to play a role in company management. Also, economies across the world have now started to try and implement US corporate and securities and laws, pertaining to Americas well-developed legal framework. Besides researchers also suggest that, corporate governance framework should also ensure equitable treatment of all the shareholders, which also includes minority and foreign origin equity holders. As Nestor (2000) states, the board should be the main means for effective monitoring of the administration and for providing strategic supervision to the organization. There are many economies still, which are on the verge of falling down, due to the lack of corporate governance mechanisms. However, a proactive nature will have to be adopted by economies and its organizations to understand the nuances of corporate governance, so that they dont go bust all of a sudden. Some other measures include complementary legislations such as accounting law, commercial law, contract law, banking and dispute resolutions, and other such factors. Leuz and Verrecchia (2000) find evidence suggesting that firms cost of capital does decrease when they voluntarily switch to a reporting regime that requires gre ater disclosure. So there has been such a brawl adhering to the importance and significance of disclosure settings. Some of the key objectives of corporate governance reforms include maximizing economic value of the institutions, maximizing market value portfolios, furthering interests of other stakeholders of the organization, and alike. In a much talked about recent book, Roe (1994) Stiglitz (1975) disputes that politics rather than economic competency shaped American corporate law framework, at least at the Federal level. However, the reason why governance reforms come into existence is not the issue, the problem is whether they come forth or no. All the economies in the world must try and act towards the single most goal of increased efficiency in corporate governance. 2.5 Obstacles associated with global reform Although it is often stated that good corporate governance is mandatory, it is also a fact that one size does not fit all. So it becomes futile for economies where they try and imbibe governance measures based on other economies. There is a particular problem as noted by an author. The essence of Agency Problem (Shleifer and Vishny, 1997) is the separation of management and finance, or in simpler words ownership and control. This problem states that there is ideally a contract that financiers and managers sign, however they state trouble that most future contingencies are hard to describe and foresee which leads to mismatch in contract fulfilment. Apart from this, enforcement problems are a commonality. Most of the objectives and plans are not very simple to implement in a corporate structure. If one constituent stands out among the economies, it is that enforcement is an overruling concern. Most countries have significant substantive rules and regulation and disclosure requirements that cover most basic authority disclosures. However, without a market supervisor that can efficiently monitor for violations of law, the disclosure regime will not function One of the other major problems with the implementation of global reforms is the coordination of the parties involved in type of setting. More often than not, synchronization among the stakeholders becomes extremely complex, resulting in inefficient governance measures. Besides, a common global reform measure will not suffice the subjective needs of individual economies, as has already been explained above. 3. Conclusion: In summation, obligatory governance rules are necessary for two apex reasons; firstly, to conquer the collective action difficulty resulting from the dispersion among shareholders and secondly, to make certain that the interests of all applicable constituencies are put forth. Apart from this, it is essential on the part of the management to ensure that they cater to all the stakeholders of the organization. Not only will the management of various corporations, but also the government of the economies will have to stand in together to frame impeccable measure of corporate governance. All over the world, the regulatory framework for corporate governance reform measure has been substantially revised and strengthened, especially in the domains of financial reporting, minority shareholder rights and merger acquisitions (Rosser, 2003). Hermalin and Weisbach (2006) state that, economies across the world, in spite of a long era of studying regulation, has been slow, to provide a conceptual framework for their evaluation. They also mention that such framework requires treating governance organizations as endogenous, so it is easy to evaluate behavioural changes in reply to a new governance restraint. In the end a synchronized effort is required by the economies (on a macro scale) and by the organizations (on a micro scale), to sustain the measures of corporate governance for the longer run. Otherwise, the ongoing debate over the corporate governance reforms seems endless to me. Word Count 2,722

Economy Shipping Company :: Business Management Finances Essays

Economy Shipping Company It is recommended that Economy Shipping Company (ESC) replace the steamboat, Cynthia, with a new diesel powered boat. The analysis assumed no operating cost in 1950. Although ESC was presumably still in service during this analysis, the costs associated with the project evaluation were not accounted for until 1951. It was also implicit in the NPV calculations that any upgrade required subsequent to 1950 could be performed without any interruption to the daily operations and were performed at the beginning of the year. Therefore, the stoker upgrade and the engine replacements were considered on Jan 1st of the intended year and did not require any downtime for the installation. The evaluation considered four different scenarios: 1. Rehabilitation of Cynthia with the stoker conversion occurring in 1950 2. Rehabilitation of Cynthia with the stoker conversion occurring in 1952 3. Purchase of a new diesel-powered boat with 2 shifts, 12-hour working day 4. Purchase of a new diesel-powered boat with 3 shifts, 8-hour working day Since ESC was considering other projects with a rate of return of 10%, each of the above options were considered using the same rate of return. The company?s balance sheet suggests that management was very conservative. The debt-to-equity ratio in 1950 was 0.075, indicating that the company could easily borrow at the going rate of 3% without fear of bankruptcy. Moreover, the company had sufficient funds to purchase four new diesel-powered boats. Overall, ECS was in a very strong position to quickly upgrade their fleet and gain any advantage that may come with the new diesel-powered boats. The influence of the union to change the working hours for the crew members is noteworthy in this analysis. If the union succeeded, the steamboats would not be capable of accommodating the 3-shift requirement and therefore be noncompliant with the new regulation. If the new regulation had fines associated for any vessel not in compliance with the new guidelines, the results for the steamboat scenarios would only get worse. In this case, the diesel-powered boats could accommodate the anticipated ruling and therefore continue to operate without fear of being unlawful. Another disadvantage against rehabilitating Cynthia was its age. At the time of the decision the steamboat had already been in operation for 23 years. Although, the realizable cost to renovate the steamboat was already known, the intangible aspect of this alternative was the status of the boat once refurbished. It should be noted that with any overhaul, there are still aspects to the boat that will remain ?old? and will eventually fail. The maintenance and repairs listed in