Ethical professional and cultural issues of ICT Essay

Ethical professional and cultural issues of ICT - Essay Examplearound the world, rights which have already legally been recognized are daily being violated, whether it is in the name of economic advancement, some religious causes, political stability, the fight against terrorism, or for various individualised greed and interests. These violations of rights has created new problems in the human social systems, such as the digital divide, digital security, cybercrime and a number of privacy concerns, all of these have change peoples lives either indirectly or directly. It is important for the countries like Britain to come up with an assessment of the current situation, followed by a guideline for a plan of action to combat the incidence of malicious attacks on the integrity, confidentiality and availability of electronic data and systems, forgery and fraud, computer crimes, content related offenses, such as those which are related to child pornography and violations of the intellect ual property rights (IPRs). Taking this another step forward there are threats to the critical infrastructure and bailiwick interests are arising from the use of the network for criminal and terrorist activities which has become a growing concern over the past few years. The damage incurred to governments, businesses and individuals in these countries in which the internet is used widely, is fast gaining scope and importance. Consumers have started losing confidence in transactions and businesses, due to this opportunity costs may rise to substantial heights.Information technology has had a massive impact on people from all walks of life, all around the world. Major developments in ICT has made it possible for a transition of information processing, storage and dissemination, from paper to virtual, which is now setting new heights of speed, accuracy and efficiency in all human activities. Latest computerized databases are being extensively used to store all forms of confidential data of political, economic, social or personal nature for the support

Interdiction and Eradication of Drugs in the U.S Essay

Interdiction and Eradication of Drugs in the U.S - Essay ExampleThe irony is that consumption of doses has been on the increase, criminals are reservation more money from their annual turnover ranging from $ 400 to 500 billion. According to a confidential report from U.K. Government, only 20 per centum out of 700 hemorrhoid of Cocaine and 500 tons of Heroin illegally produced is being seized by enforcement forces. Supply being plentiful, prices are reported to be ruling low at $ 70 per gram today as against $ 184 in 1990. (Glenny 2007) This report is not alone. Similar observations. abound in the other Governmental reports and NGO studies Therefore the exact gains significance in the wake of such reports to examine strengths and weaknesses of the Governments policy initiatives towards interdiction and obliteration of drugs. More so, because of opinions advocating legalizing the drugs besides the fact that policy initiatives focus on eradication of poppy cultivation without offer ing viable alternatives to the farmers concerned.The President rolls out National Drug Control Strategy for each year incorporating three key strategies namely (1) filet the Use before it Starts (2) Intervening and Healing Americas Drug Users and, (3) Disrupting the Market. The Drug Budget for FY 2008 is $12.961 billion short of $0.167 billion from last year though it is compensated by additional request for $ 266 .1 million for emergency spending in Afghanistan.(National Drug Control Strategy). The Rand Report 2005 says that every year 16 million Americans forming 7 percent of the countrys population above the age of 12 consume about $60 billion worth of illegal drugs. And invariably the surveys on Americans shake reveled that drugs is one of the major ten problems of the country. ... (Caulkins P et al 2005 p 13)About 3 million drug consumers are affected by serious drug related problems and about 17,000 passel have died due to problems illicit drug use in the year 2000 as again st 20,000 in the year 1990. In 2003, 28,723 people have died for the same reason. (McVay)Presidents Drug Policy of Feb 2007 says that contrary to the reports in many quarters that drugs abuse has not been checked, performance records show a positive turn off towards drugs control for the past six years ever since the present incumbent took office. As against the targeted reduction of drug abuse by 10 percent deep down 2 years and 25 percent within 5 years, administration claims to have achieved 11 percent and 23.2 percent respectively. And this was achieved by strategic benchmarking of each months consumption. Figures beyond five years are even higher and in terms of number of youth who gave up drug use, it is 840,000. The lessons learnt during the last six years of the Presidents commencement exercise of its kind National Drugs Control Strategy evidence that a sound policy can bring out results. Demotivating young users, identifying chronic consumers, maintaining vigil against steroid hormone use for performance enhancement, and monitoring the use of other drugs such as Marijuana, Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, pain relievers like OxyContin have been the features of the broad spectrum strategy of drugs control.Basically these will advert under the key elements of the above said prevention of drug use before its commencement by the potential users, intervention and healing of the people already on drugs, and disruption of the market for illegal drugs with the sole aim of reducing drugs consumption in the

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS- THE ORGANIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS- THE ORGANIZATION - Essay ExamplePapworth Hospital also has the Chest Medical Unit that offers respiratory services (Papworth Hospital NHS trigger Trust, 2013). It is a PublicNHS and has a tremendous apprisalship with the community due to its long service in the area.The philosophy of Papworth Hospital promotes a positive commence to review and diagnosis, ensuring that the longanimous accesses medical care in the most suitable setting by the best personnel (Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 2013). This relates to team hightail it from the staff who share work collectively for safe and effective clinical care. The hospitals mission statement is to uphold its status as excellence center for diagnosis and treatment of patients. Papworth Hospital may be said to be a matrix organization as responsibilities are shared in the organization. The board members are involved in decision making, patients and the public are also included in consultations (Papwor th Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 2013). This form of communication explains the train of consultations within the organization.Papworth Hospital seems to have issues with its internal control systems. This means that the governance process must be changed to improve the risk management systems as salutary as come up with a framework that will ensure that all stakeholders play their role efficiently (Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 2013). Nonetheless, the hospital is sharp-worded to constantly review its reports what allows to control activities in the organization as well as achieve the set goals. The hospital has a culture of reviewing risks in relation to the quality standards thus, quality service provision efficiently (Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 2013).Papworth Hospital nursing care delivery system involves modern matrons that ensure cleanliness of the patient environment as well as support the nurses in the wards efficiently (Papworth Hospital NHS Founda tion Trust, 2014). Social workers help in discharging

Business & Professional Writing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business & Professional Writing - Term Paper exemplarThe bank is presently carrying out valuations of the collateral that have been offered by the company but so far clearance is not obtained. This could affect the completion of the project. However, the wakeless department is working closely with the valuation company to secure a loan within a month.The project stage wise completion is match to the schedule agreed in the contract. The completion of the warehouse has been carried out without major modifications that have allowed restricting the verbal expression cost from exceeding the targeted values.The progress report of the construction project suggests satisfactory completion. There are no major issues that could lead to construction activities halt. However, major concern is regarding the external financing that is required for payment to the affirmer and other options must be urgently considered to avoid any breach of

English essay part one Essay Example for Free

English essay part one EssayIn this essay I am going to explain how Conan Doyle adds tension and suspense to The fortuity of the Speckled Band I will be discussing descriptions of the setting and characters also the language he uses, I will also look into the time period it was written. Sherlock Holmes was written during the Victorian era. This was a time in London when there was often crime and poverty, London was a vile and dangerous place. Victorian people greatly fe ared crime with Jack the Ripper on the loose, the police couldnt catch him because their methods were inefficient and legion(predicate) officers were corrupt. Victorians resented the police in London because they did not appear to be protecting the public. In 1887 Arthur Conan Doyle created, Sherlock Holmes, Victorians immediately fell for the fictional character. They liked him because he nuts every case and always got the bad guy. He was seen as the perfect detective. When Doyle tried to kill off his famous character, in 1893, he received devastation threats warning him to keep Holmes alive Even know over 100 years on from Holmes birth in 1887 he is still popular.The story is called The Adventure of the Speckled Band. it starts with a frightened Helen stoner telling the story of her sister Julia stoner, and the mysterious circumstances surrounding her death and her concerns for her own life. Sherlock Holmes investigates and finds that Julia had been murdered by Dr. Roylott who was trying to kill Helen as well, but before Holmes could catch Dr. Roylott, the snake that he was using to try and kill the two girls, turns on him and he gets bitten and killed by it.The setting adds tension to the story because they create a spooky atmosphere, it does this in many ways, like in the description that Helen Stoner gives of Stoke Moran Manor, she says Indian animals admire freely over his grounds and are feared by the villagers this gives the impression that he doesnt want anyone on his propert y. When the reader learns that Vagabonds. encamp in the grounds this causes tension because they are another suspect and it makes the reader wonder why he does not want others on the grounds.The reader feels intrigued when Helen Stoner says we had no feeling of security unless our doors were locked because, for more or less people, their home is the safest place in the world but Helen needs her door locked to feel safe. When the night is described as being A wild night. The locomote was howling out side and the rain was beating this creates anticipation because something always happens during a storm, this is called pathetic fallacy. The description windows blocked by old-fashioned shutters with broad press out bars. makes it sound as if Helen is a prisoner and Dr.Roylott is like a guard, and a prison is designed so, no one can get in or more importantly no one can get out. The description of Stoke Moran as a building of grey.. stone with.. two curving fly link the claws of a cr ab uses a simile create the feeling that the house is alive and closing in on its occupants. The words gathering nighttime makes it sound as if the darkness is alive and trying to consume everything How does Conan Doyle create tension and suspense in The Adventure of the Speckled Band?

Uni 220 Syllabus Essay Example for Free

Uni 220 Syllabus EssayUNI220 Academic refresher course is a one-credit hour course intentional to assist students in creating strategies for victor in their academic lives. The unique course employs dynamic in-class activities, collaborative learning, supplemental instruction (SI), and journal writing which requires consistent re? ection and breakicipation. The course is taught from an organic perspective, which is student/content centered. Students are the most important contri saveors to the educational environment.To enable the students and the instructor to have frequent and meaningful interaction with separately other and with the group, class size is limited to 20 students per section. You forget set out a letter grade for UNI 220, but no +/- will be give JAMES LEWIS E-mail James. Lewis. emailprotected edu O? ce UASB 127A O? ce Hours Blackboard REQUIRED MATERIAL eBook Downing, Skip. On Course Strategies for Creating Success in College and in Life. sixth Ed. Boston Houghton Mi? in Comp both, 2011. IMPORTANTThe textbook required for this class is o? ered as a rentable eBook from www.CengageBrain. com. The On Course eBook includes features like highlighting, grade taking, searching, printing, and mobile access. To purchase or rent the book A. repeat and paste the following URL in your web browser http//www. cengagebrain. com/shop/isbn/9781439082171 B. Make true you are purchasing the eBook On Course (6th ed. ) written by Skip Downing. C. Add the digital eBook to your shopping cart and follow the purchase instructions. D. If you have each questions related to the eBook go to the Cengage support page http//www. cengagebrain.com/shop/Support. html A planner or personal calendar in paper form An ASU electronic mail account and reliable internet access A 3-ring binder (1-1-1/2) for all in all your course materials COURSE OBJECTIVES Through their participation in this course, students will look for personal and academic strengths and barriers that impact success Identify and utilize university resources available to support success at ASU. Acquire and enhance academic skills necessary for success in the university. Discover ways to stay on course to meet academic goals.TOPICS COVERED Responsibility and choice/self-management Self-assessment Academic success strategies Mindset connections cunctation Diagnosing barriers Creating networks Identifying patterns Embracing change UNI 220 Academic Refresher UNI 220 Academic Refresher ATTENDANCE Because much of the learning in UNI 220 takes place via classroom activities and group interaction, attention is taken at the beginning of every class and is an integral part of your UNI 220 grade. If you are not on time to class, you may be marked absent. pursuant(predicate) with University standards, more than two absences may pull up stakes in an E ( flunk the course) on your transcript. At some point, if you choose to discontinue the course, you must drop the c ourse o? cially. The instructor will not drop you. If your name appears on the roster at the end of the semester, but you have stopped coming to class, you will receive a grade that re? ects all missed work. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES Participate throughout every class meeting. Discussion is not only encouraged but necessary to facilitate a ful? lling classroom experience.Your active participation in classroom discussions is an integral part of your ? nal grade. Because engagement with campus resources is also a critical part of academics, students are able to earn up to half of their participation points (50 points) for completing one or more of the following Attend the PASS program (10 points, freshmen only). employ a campus resource, provide proof of attendance, and complete the Campus Resource Usage Form found on the Blackboard. Examples of appropriate campus resources would be the Writing Center, tutoring, Supplemental Instruction (SI), the financial Aid o?ce, the Career Se rvices o? ce, etc. If you have questions about resources, please contact your instructor (10 points each). Attend meetings with the Success Team leaders available through the Student Success Center. For more information about Success Team Leaders and/or to make an appointment, call (480) 965-9072 (5 points each). Turn in all out of class assignments at the beginning of class. No late assignments will be accepted no exceptions. Plan ahead for last-minute emergencies, including newswriter and computer issues. Please level all journal entries must be present in your ?nal portfolio in order for you to pass this course. Complete all in-class exercises in full and to the best of your ability. All activities and exercises will be graded on both e? ort and accuracy. Attend class. Notify the instructor before the class meets if you will be arriving late or leaving early, either of which may result in a deduction of points from your ? nal grade. It is the students responsibility to ob tain any missed information, assignments and handouts from BlackBoard or from another student. Turn o? and put away all electronic devices. Unless otherwise instructed, you will not need any electronics for this course. All iPods, MP3 players, cell phones, mobile devices, and laptops should be turned o? and put away before class begins. Students who choose to use electronics during class will be asked to leave and will be marked absent for that class period. Regularly check email and Blackboard and participate fully in Facebook discussions. Please note The syllabus and course outline are subject to change. You will need to regularly check your ASU email and/or Blackboard for updates and announcements. UNI 220 Academic Refresher.UNI 220 Academic Refresher Join the Facebook Group Students are required to join the course Facebook Group Page. It is a private group, so only members will be able to take away posts and comments. Also, members of the group will not be able to see e ach others Facebook info, wall posts, etc. unless a friend request is accepted. First and foremost, this is a favorable space, but its also a great class resource. Students will often be able to answer your questions more quickly than I will, so use this group to socialize and ask general or speci? c questions relating to homework or lecture notes. Read and understand this entire syllabus. Students will be held responsible for knowing the information contained in this syllabus whether they have read it or not. FINAL LEARNING PORTFOLIO You will keep all notes, invention work, homework, drafts, handouts, your journal, and anything else you fetch for this class in a three-ring binder. This binder, along with a re? ective essay, will help demonstrate your understanding of the material, ability to apply material, and active engagement in your own learning process. Keep everything you produce throughout the semester for this course.JOURNAL GUIDELINES All entries must be submitted on Blackboard Answer all questions/prompts thoroughly and thoughtfully. Copy the directions (the bold part) for each journal prompt. Be honest with yourself Be spontaneous and creative Most importantly, DIG DEEP and expand on your ideas Entries must be turned in on time for credit In order to pass this class, you must have all journal entries completed and printed for your portfolio on the sidereal day it is due__________. ASSIGNED WORK OUTSIDE OF CLASS Additional work will be required outside of class.These assignments are due at the beginning of the appoint due date, no exceptions. Please plan ahead for any last minute emergencies (i. e. printer and computer issues). Late work will not be accepted, no exceptions. DISCUSSION/DEBATE GUIDELINES Throughout the semester we will be discussing sensitive and controversial issues. Our discussions and debates will be conducted in a polite, civil, and respectful manner. While it is ? ne to disagree, do so in a respectful, polite manne r. Any perceived attacks will not be tolerated. Failure to abide by these policies will result in a severe loss of points and a possiblewithdrawal from the course.ACADEMIC ACCOMMODATIONS If you need academic adaptions or special consideration of any diverseness to get the most out of this class, please let me know at the beginning of the course. If you have a disability and need a reasonable accommodation for equal access to education at ASU, please call Disability Resources for Students. The Disability Resource Center (DRC) is located in Matthews Center at the Tempe campus. think (480) 9651234 or TDD (480) 965-9000 E-mail emailprotected edu. UNI 220 Academic Refresher UNI 220 Academic Refresher ACADEMIC INTEGRITYYou are expected to uphold the principles of academic integrity in all the work you do in this course. Students who engage in academic dishonesty (i. e. cheating, plagiarism, etc. ) will be withdrawn from the course and receive a failing grade. Plagiarism (the use of o ther peoples ideas or words without attribution) whether intentional or not, is immediate grounds for failure. Academic integrity is expected of every individual in the University. Students are responsible for all policies included in the college and student handbook, as well as this syllabus.See http//www. asu.edu/vpsa/studentlife/ for more information. Academic Integrity It Matters GRADING physical process STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES Participation Quizzes, Homework Journal Group Project Portfolio TOTAL PERCENT PERCENT 20% 15% 20% 25% 20% nose candy% 90-100 80-89. 99 70-79. 99 60-69. 99 0-59. 99 = = = = = A B C D F NOTEIT MAY BE NECESSARY TO CHANGE both OR PART OF THIS SYLLABUS DURING THE COURSE OF THE SEMESTER. If one advances con? dently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to the live the life of which he imagines, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. Henry David Thoreau UNI 220 Academic Refresher.

Total quality management Literature review

Total fictional character c ar belles-lettres reviewLiterature reviewThe world experienced the quality revolution in the early 1990s. From that instance agreements were improving in overall quality of the institution. The companies nearly the world competed with their quality of products and services, price and deliin truth. Organisations believed that by improving the quality, they undersurface turn over lower cost, fewer failures and bring out marketability.In this period total quality management became popular. TQM is applied in institutions to improve its effectiveness, flexibility and competitiveness, by improving the overall quality of the physical composition. It is foc usaged principally on continuous improvement. TQM is zippo tho a philosophy and learn to agreements, which helps them in ways towards continuous improvement. TQM is a combi estate of administration of systems. All the companies have not achieved competitive prefer or gain grounds victimizati on TQM is because of utilizeation and manipulation in the arranging. To be successful with TQM the indicators which are to be achieved by an arrangement are the leadership, continuous improvements, internal or external co- operation, customer focus, learning, employee fulfilment and regale management. http//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0291030201.htmlhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/1060120604.htmlhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0400140507.htmlhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=/published/emeraldfulltextarticle/pdf/1760030104.pdfAccording to Hansson and Klefsj (2003) TQM can be defined as a management system, which consists of three interdependent units, n amely core values, proficiencys and tools. But the definitions for total quality management are vague. The aim of TQM is Zero defect and it mainly emphasis on quality. The core values of TQM which will lead to better quality in the boldness is summarised from the authors (Boulter and Bendell, 2002, Ehresman, 1995, Ghobadian and Gallear 1995, Hansson and Klefsj 2003, 2006 ) it is divided into three sorts, first the whole organisation has to committed and take towards common goal i.e. continuous improvement. Secondly the customers are to be focused, through with(predicate) better satisfaction in the products and services. The decisions made with regard to customers are to be give the luxuriouslyest priority by top level management. Thirdly the decisions must be interpreted with trusted facts and figures.http//demo1.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServletjsessionid=5FBEA684473F22B9FAE30638F23D3534?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/1060150 201.htmlBoulter, L., Bendell, T. (2002), How can ISO 90002000 help companies achieve morality? What the company think, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 6 No.2, pp.37-41.Ehresman, T. (1995), Small Business Success through TQM, ASQC Quality Press, Milwaukee, WI.http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VC4-3VW1BRW-8-2_cdi=5944_user=138221_orig=search_coverDate=02%2F29%2F1996_sk=999759998view=cwchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzkmd5=a2afeab00d66a4e64f8e3a30e84385dfie=/sdarticle.pdfhttp//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VCT-4MHPHMF-C-5_cdi=5963_user=138221_orig=search_coverDate=12%2F01%2F2007_sk=998169997view=cwchp=dGLbVzb-zSkWzmd5=e471fdc0aece7732196abd9705804b37ie=/sdarticle.pdfhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0291080901.htmlFrom the definition and study it is verbalize that the surroundingsal management is a part of quality management. When the organisation is moving toward s total improvement in performance, the surroundingsal performance has its presence. Governments and agencies around the world created quality systems to help the organisations to achieve their quality objectives through quality management systems and environmental performance in environmental management systems. The QM and EMS share a common aim and values. QM and EMS are integrated now.According to Wilkinson and Dale, 1998 and Karapetrovic and Willborn, 1998 integration can be carried out in many a(prenominal) different ways but, the results differ in terms of applying it and it is also called as system of systems.Wilkinson, G., Dale, B.G. (1998), System integration the views and activities of certification bodies, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 No.4, pp.288-92Karapetrovic, S., Willborn, W. (1998), Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 No.3, pp.204-13.For example the ISO has demonstrable management systems separately for quality manag ement and environmental management i.e. ISO9000 for quality and ISO14000 for environmental management. Integration was d atomic number 53 by the technical committee in 2004 in the midst of quality and environment systems. They had explored the common factors between two systems and modified ISO 14000-2004 to enable organisations to use both systems at once. This resulted in superior performance in many organisations. They introduced the PDCA which is common for both systems. Bernardo et al, 2008http//demo1.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0510200405.htmlidb31Environmental management and quality management are parallel to each other. They have common factors like zilch defects and no wastage and the cultivate of mechanismation with corrective and preventive actions. But some basic value does not integrate, exactly with each other. QMS mainly signs on consumer requirements and on the other had EMS focuses on the environment. According to Chinn a new concept was formed in late 90s which was named as QEMS which means quality and environment management system. It has stated the common elements they worked upon. They are planning, objectives, management responsibility, communication, cooking, control of records and many others.So when an organisation need to equipped with total quality system, the EMS will also must be in place to monitor the environmental sustainability measures from the organisation.What is Benchmarking?In the present crease scenario, quality has become a major criterion in all aspects of the organisation, so the managers have taken up quality improvement tools such(prenominal) as total quality management, quality function development and continuous improvement. The exertion of these tools is to resonate the flaws in the organisational process. The next step is to convert these flaws and improving the component. Here the question rises of how to fix these in adequacies?Benchmarking is the way to fix them. As benchmarking is a quality improvement process. It is a systematic process of searching and monitoring the best practices in the sector. Benchmarking has been the concept of imitating the best practices in the industry. Organizations have to achieve cost benefits, better operations and better environment by which it induces the company to learn quickly and cheaply from adopting the best practices and performance standards from other companies in order to get better competitive advantage over its competitors. This can be extended anywhere because the ultimate goal is to be best in class.Benchmarking is commonly used tool in the organisations. This technique can be implemented in all sectors and it is due to increasing competitiveness. Benchmark means to a unit on a scale for measurement. It was a fashionable concept for the large manufacturing companies which predominantly uses quantitative economic parameters, such as inventory turno ver, set-up times, lead time, direct labour time or working(a) time, return on sales, return on equity are measured.(Miller et al.,1992). Nowadays benchmarking is used allwhere and it is used to measure any process, activity, procedure in an organisation which may be of products or services. many an(prenominal) authors and literatures have given many different forms of definitions for benchmarking. Definitions from Sarkis, Andersen and pettersen and Marosszeky and Karim are benchmarking means comparing the practices, operations, results of an organisation with the best organisation in the sector and adopt and practice the techniques used in there to improve ones own organisation. And it focuses on continuous improvement, in quality and helps to learn from the competitors. Through which the faults and breakthroughs in the organisation can be easily identified and systematically dealt with. It also helps in improving the overall quality and business environment carried out through l earning from each other. It forms a continuous and systematic improvement in an organisations processes, products and services which are being monitored and adopted from the best practices globally or nation wide or in a particular sector.Benchmarking is used to achieve and maintain high level of competitiveness. It monitors the continuous improvement by the process of criterion the products, services and business practices against the best practices in the industry. The organisations strengths and weakness can be easily identified and measured with the best and toughest competitors in the industry.Best practices is finding and using the best ways to achieve the desired objectives in the organisation. It is done by imitating the practices and processes of the organisation who are leaders in the sector and measuring the ways it worked with.Benchmarking can be done in five steps for an organisation. Firstly the required data are collected in a planned manner from the organisation and the data is converted into a report format, which make it prospering for analyzing the situation. After creating a report the gaps are to be detected and corrective action has to be implemented to fill the gaps. When the gaps in the organisation are corrected, review has to be done in regular intervals and reported. It is compared with best practice in the industry.http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/04/02091848/1Many organisations are not aware of what needed to be benchmarked. because of the wish of management knowledge. A key issue is that what to benchmark in business or an organisation. It is mainly used to compare and measure of business and product performance and how it is extended to the business processes. Determining the issues to be benchmarked is a critical issue. The following questions can incite to the question of what to benchmark with environment (Cassell et. al.., 2001)To find the critical factors which are of organisations successTo find the process c ausing the trouble in the systemTo find the process which contribute to supreme customer satisfaction and in which the performance is not to the expectationExamine and define the competitive extorts impacting the organisationWhat the processes which have the gravidest potential for differentiating in the business competitiveness?Environmental benchmarkingThe environmental benchmarking is derived from benchmarking and it mainly focuses on the natural environment. It helps the organisation to become green and eco efficient by adopting the practices from the leaders in industry. It is also a quality improvement tool and has become very essential to an organisation. They are used to achieve environmental performance in the organisation i.e. it helps the organisation to manipulate on the natural environment. It is adapted in many organisations due to the pressure from postal service holders, public and authorises.According to Greeno and Robinson 1992, Demands on companies to measure , document and debunk information about environmental performance will become invasive.and environmental performance will become a critical factor to scrutinize. It is been predicted a ten dollar bill ago, and the governments has now made it mandatory and bought it to the legislations that organisations must be environmental conscious and friendly.According to Szekely, et. al.., 1996, Makrinou et al 2008 and Mandaraka, et. al 2003 Environmental benchmarking is used by various organisation in their practices, process and in business operation to achieve environmental efficiency and environmental performance. The tool framed to rigorously concentrate on every activity of the organisation and examines and compares the process to achieve its objectives. The process is the elimination and rectification of weak activities and processes in the organisation and the objective is to identify and access the abilities and attributes in business to achieve maximum environmental performance.Mos t of the weak activities cause heavy pollution and burden to the environment. The weak process and activities are very dangerous to the environment and life. The world in has seen many industrial disasters in last two decades due to unhealthy practices and operations by the environment. The best examples are theEfficient and maximum practice of virgin materials in the organisation, recycling of waste, waste, treatment plant to neutralise end pipe discharge, maximum utilization of assets and machinery and power saving equipments and minimum usage of non renewable resource.Minor modifications in the process of operations in the organisations, will lead to lesser impact on the environment and can avoid these kinds of disasters in future. The improved process, practices and operations can be identified from the best practices. Benchmarking tools helps in finding the best practices in national and international level. Environmental benchmarking is an integral part of environmental manag ement systems. This helps in setting up of goals and targets for an organization towards environmental efficiency. It also helps in monitoring the performance of the targets which are to be achieved towards better environment. It is one of the tools used in management systems like EMS (Bolli and Emtairah 2001).Environmental management systemEMS is a management type system which aims in managing the environmental aspects of the organisation in a pro active way, and it directly relates to the organisations overall performance. It relates to the process, practices, products and services and day to day operations. The main objective of Ems is to continually improve the environmental performance of the organisation with overall performance.Ems is a collection of policies, statements, assessments, plan and actions which directly or indirectly affects the organisation and its performance. Organisations achieve environmental performance with Ems in a systematic manner. It is a continuous cy cle which plans, implements, reviews and improves the practices and processes of the organisation for continuous improvement towards environmental sustainability. Ems mainly focuses on minimizing the environmental impacts of the organisation on the natural environment.The main objectives of Ems for the SMEs areIt induces the organisation to have an environmental management system. It assists the SMEs in understanding the concepts of Ems in their operations, in order to help the management to adopt precisely. This reduces the impacts on natural environment and it is easy to comply with the regulation. This helps in cost savings and increased productivity. The third objective is developing a ken with the SMEs entrepreneurs, regarding the importance of environment and the organisations impact on them. It helps the SMEs in creating a strong foundation to implement the international standards like ISO and EMAS in organisations.According to British standards institute, Ems is defined as the organisational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for determining and implementing environmental policy. According to BSI is nothing but an environmental policy which outlines the organisations commitment to the environmental performance.Many organisation in different countries follow and adopt the environmental management system such as BS8555, ISO 14000 series, EMAS, Green dragon. But in common it works on the Deming Cycle. Plan, what you are going to do, do what you planned to do, check to ensure that you did what you planned to do and act to make improvements.SMEs adopt EMSEMS is an unobserved quality. It can be examined only by the drivers, practices. The organisations are motivated to use EMS and its environmental strategies to increase their efficiency and legitimacy. It is very controversial because from the study of states those SMEs are not only motivated by the rewards and befits such as environmental performance, organisation al/business performance and export orientation but they are pressurized to adopt EMS by their stake holders and institutional pressures.According to Khanna and Anton 2002 EMS becomes complete when they are more environmental practices is undertaken in the organisation. The environmental practices are the environmental policy, evaluation, training for employees, regular audits of internal and external in nature, environmental performance and benchmarking with the best practices, goals and targets and public report.Motivation and EMSMotivation is the driving force behind for an organisation to implement a management techniques or tool or system in their operations and business process. The factors and statistics which can be used to motivate the organisations to implement EMS in their organisation and in the same time become environmentally sustainable and reduce the impact on natural environment. The factors are the organisation can achieve compliance with the regulations of the gove rnment, it creates an eco friendly image to the stake holders and better marketability options and it also reduces cost with greater organisational performance.Export orientationIn the globalised world export and import has taken the centre stage. Export orientation becomes imperative when organisation operates within or depends on the foreign markets. When the goods are carried out of national borders EMS becomes essential to meet the demands of the importing realm and the needs of diverse customers. Buyers gain trust of exporters by looking into the operations and eco friendly procedures and facilities implemented in the organisation.EMS and organisational PerformanceA management system is framed and practiced in the business is to gain from the management practices. The gain or benefit can be in the form of monetary benefit or non monetary benefit. EMS and environmental performanceEMS and pressure on SMEsSMEs are exposed to stakeholders pressure to adopt environmental managemen t system. The stakeholders are person, group, organisation or the government which has a direct or indirect stake in the organisation and can or would be affected by the organisations policy, decision and operations. The stake holders for an SME areRegulatory pressureThe regulatory pressure is created from the regulators, governments, insurers on the organisation to curb their pollution levels and employ eco friendly operations and which doesnt impact the natural environment. If the organisations fail, it is enforce with fines, penalties, strategic actions or even closure of firms. The regulatory pressure creates an opportunity for the organisation to become more competitive and capitalize of the situation. But when the regulation becomes stricter, the SMEs are compelled to implement costly pollution control technologies. Better pollution control leads to lesser insurance premiums and better credit options from the bank and financial agencies.Market pressureIn this competitive world the organisations are concerned about the market share. Customers have become concerned about the natural environment and they have started to use the products and services of the organisations which are eco efficient and sustainable towards the environment. When organisation adopts EMS it increases organisations reputation. The market pressures drive the managers to adopt EMS to survive in the business and to stay competitive.Social pressureAn organisation must have a better public image to survive and competitive in the market. To gain the image the organisation need to become environmental friendly and work towards continual improvement. The word social include the environmental organisation, community groups, labour unions and association which regards to trade. There is been a increase in awareness towards the natural environment in recent times because of industrial accident like Bhopal disaster and Exxon oil spill which shock the world. When an organisation does not implemen t EMS in their organisation the worst scenario of boycott of goods and it may damage the image in the business environment.Ownership pressureThis pressure is imposed on the organisation by their share holders. In SMEs the share holders are in the form of partnership within the company. The pressure is on the organisation to adopt EMS with wide-range of tools and techniques to create an environmental friendly organisation. Organisation is prone to financial liabilities when it has a poor reputation in terms of environment and performance.Internal and external barriers to SMEs in adopting EMSInternal barriers are of resources, understanding and perception, implementation and attitudes and company culture. SMEs are overlook of time from the management and staff, to concentrate on EMS implementation and maintenance. Staffs in SMEs lack managerial skill and it is not possible for SMEs to give training due to the constraint of limited resources. When there is an inexperienced or unskille d staff force it becomes herculean to implement EMS, because lack of understanding of the procedures, policies and legal compliances. Implementation of EMS is very cumbersome. Minor breaches in the implementation would cause a heavy loss of resources to the organisation and possible deregistration from the standards. SMEs have to concentrate on continual improvement and it is very difficult to adopt in every stage on the process.The external barriers are the obstacles and hindrances which arise from the external environment of the organisation. High costs of recruiting a consultant and verification/ certification is a major barrier to the SMEs. They are limited number of verifiers in each country and it becomes more expensive to hire. SMEs are not beneficial with EMS because of change in economic climate and Uncertainty which prevails within the market for the value of EMS standard.Benefits and disbenefits of SMEs adopting EMSSmall and modal(a) scale enterprises around the world s hare common characteristics. According to - SMEs around the world contribute 70 percent of pollution ie the SMEs cause great impact to the natural environment. So the EMS model was adapted to SMEs from large scales enterprises. SMEs adapting EMS face disbenefits or non materialization benefits from EMS in their organisation. They are being classified into three (i) resources (ii) surprises (iii) lack of rewards.SMEs characteristics are it lacks professionalism, lack of knowledge, is has started with a minimum capital, lack of skills and time. They also have the barrier of specialized staff and skills to co ordinate the EMS activities in the organisation. The SME has to rely only on consultants for the certification and adaption on EMS. It is evident that, some may misguide and it results in negative results and wastage of resources for the organisation. SMEs have to incur cost of certification and implementation which is of high capital expenditure to the organisation. which is bey ond reach for many organisations. The EMS surprises the SMEs with resources and time spent to implement system which are complex in nature. The other surprises are it is difficult to meet the expectations of all stake holders, it difficult to synchronise with other management